OE for reference:
Overview:Clarissa makes two related statements about the role of mathematics in the natural sciences. Myungsook says she disagrees with Clarissa and goes on to express the basis of her disagreement. You are asked to identify a claim that Clarissa and Myungsook disagree about. Myungsook indicates that in natural science, observations must be explored thoroughly before they can be converted into numbers, which suggests that she is disagreeing with Clarissa's statement that no observation merits serious attention unless it is stated quantitatively. Myungsook's comments do not take issue with Clarissa's statement that the natural sciences would not have made such progress without mathematics.
The Correct Answer:D Myungsook says that it's necessary in natural science to thoroughly explore observations
before you can convert those observations into numbers. She's thereby calling for careful consideration of certain observations that are not stated precisely in quantitative terms. Hence Myungsook would agree with (D). Since Clarissa indicates that observations in natural science that are not stated quantitatively never merit "serious attention," she rejects (D)'s claim that natural science demands careful consideration of observations not stated precisely in quantitative terms.
The Incorrect Answer Choices:A Clarissa states that the natural sciences would not have made such progress without mathematics, so she would clearly agree with (A). But Myungsook would probably agree with it as well: she clearly thinks that converting observations into numbers is an important part of the natural sciences, which suggests that she thinks that mathematics also plays an important role.
B Myungsook says that converting observations into numbers is the hardest task, so she would reject (B). But Clarissa might reject it as well: she says that observations are not worth serious attention unless they are stated quantitatively, but that does not mean that she thinks it is usually easy to state them in this way.
C The dialogue does not indicate whether either Clarissa or Myungsook would agree with (C). Clarissa says that observations are not worth serious attention unless they are stated quantitatively. But she might also think there are observations that can't be stated in this way; she would just think those observations aren't worth serious attention in the natural sciences. Myungsook, for her part, suggests that the hardest part of natural science is converting observations into numbers, but this doesn't indicate whether she also thinks that it is always possible to convert observations into numbers.
E (E) says that the use of mathematics is a requirement of "useful scientific theories," but it's not clear that either Clarissa or Myungsook are making claims that apply to scientific theories outside the natural sciences. Moreover, while Clarissa would agree that useful theories in natural science require mathematics, Myungsook might agree with that as well. She clearly thinks that converting observations into numbers is an important part of the natural sciences, which is consistent with the view that mathematics is a requirement of theories in natural science.