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Criminologist: A judicial system that tries and punishes criminals without delay is an effective deterrent to violent crime. Long, drawn-out trials and successful legal maneuvering may add to criminals’ feelings of invulnerability. But if potential violent criminals know that being caught means prompt punishment, they will hesitate to break the law.

Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the criminologist’s argument?
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Conclusion- if potential violent criminals know that being caught means prompt punishment, they will hesitate to break the law.

(A) It is in the nature of violent crime that it is not premeditated.- Correct, if these violent crimes are not premeditated and they happen in the heat of the moment, then the offenders won't think of the consequences much
(B) About one-fourth of all suspects first arrested for a crime are actually innocent.- incorrect, our conclusion focuses on violent crimes and the conclusion never denies a trial. It only talks about a system that tries and punishes criminals without delay
(C) Many violent crimes are committed by first-time offenders.- irrelevant
(D) Everyone accused of a crime has the right to a trial.- incorrect, the argument never talks about no trial. It only talks about a system that tries and punishes criminals without delay
(E) Countries that promptly punish suspected lawbreakers have lower crime rates than countries that allow long trials.- incorrect, this strengthens our argument

Answer A
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Criminologist: A judicial system that tries and punishes criminals without delay is an effective deterrent to violent crime. Long, drawn-out trials and successful legal maneuvering may add to criminals’ feelings of invulnerability. But if potential violent criminals know that being caught means prompt punishment, they will hesitate to break the law.

Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the criminologist’s argument?

(A) It is in the nature of violent crime that it is not premeditated.
(B) About one-fourth of all suspects first arrested for a crime are actually innocent.
(C) Many violent crimes are committed by first-time offenders.
(D) Everyone accused of a crime has the right to a trial.
(E) Countries that promptly punish suspected lawbreakers have lower crime rates than countries that allow long trials.

B is a trap. The conclusion doesn't talk about innocence. Therefore, this statement is out of scope.
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Criminologist: A judicial system that tries and punishes criminals without delay is an effective deterrent to violent crime. Long, drawn-out trials and successful legal maneuvering may add to criminals’ feelings of invulnerability. But if potential violent criminals know that being caught means prompt punishment, they will hesitate to break the law.

Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the criminologist’s argument?

(A) It is in the nature of violent crime that it is not premeditated. - CORRECT. Prompt or not the trials and punishments does not matter. Nullifies the hesitation aspect of the crime.
(B) About one-fourth of all suspects first arrested for a crime are actually innocent. - WRONG. 2nd best and a big trap. Let's you believe that crime is discussion is violent when it may or may not be so the case. Also, we are not sure whether same proportion is true for violent ones.
(C) Many violent crimes are committed by first-time offenders. - WRONG. Exception. But first timers too may hesitate.
(D) Everyone accused of a crime has the right to a trial. - WRONG. Irrelevant.
(E) Countries that promptly punish suspected lawbreakers have lower crime rates than countries that allow long trials. - WRONG. Strengthens actually.

Answer A.
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