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07 Aug 2025, 22:00
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Difficulty:
75%
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Question Stats:
63% (02:41) correct
37%
(02:53)
wrong
based on 261
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Due to oxidation, the iron components that are utilized in structures formed with reinforced concrete can potentially lose their strength over time, especially in coastal areas with high humidity levels. This phenomenon can be prevented by coating the iron components with a robust secondary substance, such as a polymer with anti-oxidant properties. Therefore, it is certain that buildings constructed in areas with high humidity using reinforced concrete that contains uncoated iron components will suffer structural damage in the form of corrosion due to oxidation.
Which of the following, if true, undermines the author's conclusion?
(A) Only when reinforced concrete is mixed disproportionately does it experience a more dramatic chemical reaction, leading to the release of abnormal amounts of heat, and as a consequence, becomes cracked, exposing its inner iron structure to the atmosphere.
(B) A range of polymer products with anti-oxidant properties are readily available from suppliers of construction equipment, but are almost always fairly expensive due to the chemical processes and patents required to produce such products commercially.
(C) Because of harsher conditions such as above-average moisture levels, strong winds, and higher exposure to sunlight, building materials tend to suffer structural disintegration at much higher rates in coastal areas than in areas that are further inland.
(D) Cracking is an inevitable result when concrete is used in large volumes, but if the inner iron components are protected by an epoxy or zinc phosphate layer, and if the cracks are treated early enough, serious weakening of the structure should not not take place.
(E) Building projects constructed in coastal areas are usually highly lucrative, and accordingly have higher budgets and the financial potential to invest in superior materials, such as coated iron components for structures built with reinforced concrete.
Which of the following, if true, undermines the author's conclusion?
(A) Only when reinforced concrete is mixed disproportionately does it experience a more dramatic chemical reaction, leading to the release of abnormal amounts of heat, and as a consequence, becomes cracked, exposing its inner iron structure to the atmosphere.
(B) A range of polymer products with anti-oxidant properties are readily available from suppliers of construction equipment, but are almost always fairly expensive due to the chemical processes and patents required to produce such products commercially.
(C) Because of harsher conditions such as above-average moisture levels, strong winds, and higher exposure to sunlight, building materials tend to suffer structural disintegration at much higher rates in coastal areas than in areas that are further inland.
(D) Cracking is an inevitable result when concrete is used in large volumes, but if the inner iron components are protected by an epoxy or zinc phosphate layer, and if the cracks are treated early enough, serious weakening of the structure should not not take place.
(E) Building projects constructed in coastal areas are usually highly lucrative, and accordingly have higher budgets and the financial potential to invest in superior materials, such as coated iron components for structures built with reinforced concrete.
07 Aug 2025, 22:53
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(A) Only when reinforced concrete is mixed disproportionately does it experience a more dramatic chemical reaction, leading to the release of abnormal amounts of heat, and as a consequence, becomes cracked, exposing its inner iron structure to the atmosphere.
Weakens, it provides a reason why the damage might not happen.
(B) A range of polymer products with anti-oxidant properties are readily available from suppliers of construction equipment, but are almost always fairly expensive due to the chemical processes and patents required to produce such products commercially.
No Impact, there are products but they are fairly expensive which they are not available currently so this option doesn't give any info that the damage might not happen.
(C) Because of harsher conditions such as above-average moisture levels, strong winds, and higher exposure to sunlight, building materials tend to suffer structural disintegration at much higher rates in coastal areas than in areas that are further inland.
No Impact, it just compares the damage rates between coastal and inland areas.
(D) Cracking is an inevitable result when concrete is used in large volumes, but if the inner iron components are protected by an epoxy or zinc phosphate layer, and if the cracks are treated early enough, serious weakening of the structure should not not take place.
No Impact, this option presents a hypothetical condition but we cannot assume that that is the case with buildings in coastal areas given in the argument.
(E) Building projects constructed in coastal areas are usually highly lucrative, and accordingly have higher budgets and the financial potential to invest in superior materials, such as coated iron components for structures built with reinforced concrete.
No Impact, this doesn't change the fact that there are some buildings with uncoated iron structures and we don't learn anything new to change our belief in the conclusion.
Weakens, it provides a reason why the damage might not happen.
(B) A range of polymer products with anti-oxidant properties are readily available from suppliers of construction equipment, but are almost always fairly expensive due to the chemical processes and patents required to produce such products commercially.
No Impact, there are products but they are fairly expensive which they are not available currently so this option doesn't give any info that the damage might not happen.
(C) Because of harsher conditions such as above-average moisture levels, strong winds, and higher exposure to sunlight, building materials tend to suffer structural disintegration at much higher rates in coastal areas than in areas that are further inland.
No Impact, it just compares the damage rates between coastal and inland areas.
(D) Cracking is an inevitable result when concrete is used in large volumes, but if the inner iron components are protected by an epoxy or zinc phosphate layer, and if the cracks are treated early enough, serious weakening of the structure should not not take place.
No Impact, this option presents a hypothetical condition but we cannot assume that that is the case with buildings in coastal areas given in the argument.
(E) Building projects constructed in coastal areas are usually highly lucrative, and accordingly have higher budgets and the financial potential to invest in superior materials, such as coated iron components for structures built with reinforced concrete.
No Impact, this doesn't change the fact that there are some buildings with uncoated iron structures and we don't learn anything new to change our belief in the conclusion.
29 Aug 2025, 04:07
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We need some option which will weaken what the author is concluding. i.e uncoated buildings will not suffer SD. (Not certain)
(A) Only when reinforced concrete is mixed disproportionately does it experience a more dramatic chemical reaction, leading to the release of abnormal amounts of heat, and as a consequence, becomes cracked, exposing its inner iron structure to the atmosphere. Correct. Gives us another cause. Thus its not certain whether the building will suffer damage.
(B) A range of polymer products with anti-oxidant properties are readily available from suppliers of construction equipment, but are almost always fairly expensive due to the chemical processes and patents required to produce such products commercially. Incorrect. Irrelevant. We dont care about availability.
(C) Because of harsher conditions such as above-average moisture levels, strong winds, and higher exposure to sunlight, building materials tend to suffer structural disintegration at much higher rates in coastal areas than in areas that are further inland. Incorrect. It is giving us the cause of higher oxidation. Not affecting our conclusion.
(D) Cracking is an inevitable result when concrete is used in large volumes, but if the inner iron components are protected by an epoxy or zinc phosphate layer, and if the cracks are treated early enough, serious weakening of the structure should not not take place. Incorrect. We are talking about structures without coating.
(E) Building projects constructed in coastal areas are usually highly lucrative, and accordingly have higher budgets and the financial potential to invest in superior materials, such as coated iron components for structures built with reinforced concrete. Incorrect. We again care only about the buildings without the coating.
(A) Only when reinforced concrete is mixed disproportionately does it experience a more dramatic chemical reaction, leading to the release of abnormal amounts of heat, and as a consequence, becomes cracked, exposing its inner iron structure to the atmosphere. Correct. Gives us another cause. Thus its not certain whether the building will suffer damage.
(B) A range of polymer products with anti-oxidant properties are readily available from suppliers of construction equipment, but are almost always fairly expensive due to the chemical processes and patents required to produce such products commercially. Incorrect. Irrelevant. We dont care about availability.
(C) Because of harsher conditions such as above-average moisture levels, strong winds, and higher exposure to sunlight, building materials tend to suffer structural disintegration at much higher rates in coastal areas than in areas that are further inland. Incorrect. It is giving us the cause of higher oxidation. Not affecting our conclusion.
(D) Cracking is an inevitable result when concrete is used in large volumes, but if the inner iron components are protected by an epoxy or zinc phosphate layer, and if the cracks are treated early enough, serious weakening of the structure should not not take place. Incorrect. We are talking about structures without coating.
(E) Building projects constructed in coastal areas are usually highly lucrative, and accordingly have higher budgets and the financial potential to invest in superior materials, such as coated iron components for structures built with reinforced concrete. Incorrect. We again care only about the buildings without the coating.
