During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed

"sketching and keeping journals" is a participle adjective modifying Emily Eden and Fanny Parks (strange surnames though)

In A "forming' incorrectly modifies jourrnals + incorrect usage of "past perfect" in sentences where actions in the past follow one by one, Simple past is used

In B not parallel construction

In C incorrect usage of present perfect (whole sentence must be in past simple tense

In D incorret usage of non esssential modifier "which" requring comma

In E all is correct (though one question i have "that" refers to the word next to it i.e. to "journals" how should i prove that "that" refers this phrase "sketching and keeping journals" is there a rule ?


Preparing for GMAT is like hoovering the desert

During the nineteenth century, Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throughout India, sketching and keeping journals forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had visited.


(E) that formed the basis of news reports about the princely states they

DAVE wrote


E. During the nineteenth century, Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throughout India, sketching and keeping journals that formed the basis of news reports about the princely states they visited

In the end, it was the journals that formed the basis of the news reports. It does not make a difference whether the journals were sketched, photographed, or kept. It is also in line with the touch rule of the restrictive pronoun 'that'.

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

• In choice A it is not immediately clear whether forming modifies journals or parallels sketching and keeping.

Also, where they had visited is wordy and inappropriate for a simple reference to past events.

• Choice B does not establish who visited the princely states, and
that were forming should be that formed.

• Choice C is unclear because to form could be read as either
in order to form or so as to form,
and the present perfect have visited does not agree with the past tense journeyed.

• In choice D, as in choice A, where they had is [too verbose for simple past tense]
and
had formed suggests that the journals and news reports existed before the journey.

• E is best for this question.

-------------------------------
That OE is pretty good.

Takeaway: most of the time, if simple past sets the tone in the non-underlined
portion, look for a narrative of chronological events.

If you see such a narrative, stay with simple past.
Yes, GMAC likes to test past perfect, but if the narrative is sequentially sound,
simple past tense is better.
The writing is better. Simple past does not need auxiliary verbs such as have, was, have been . . .
Auxiliary verbs slow things down. They create a passive voice. Such a voice is not needed in a story
about two independent and spirtited women traveling through a vast country in search of
information to share.


dave13 , I had to read that one a few times.
I thought, "Hoovering?"
"Does he mean hovering? Why would anyone hover . . . and where is the prep-o . . . wait a minute.
He means vacuuming."

Prateekj05 wrote

True. Why?
Answer: because the tone is set in the non-underlined portion of the sentence.
Eden and Parks journeyED.
Simple past tense.

This sentence contains linear events.
They traveled throughout India. They sketched and kept journals about the princely states
they visited, sources from which subsequent news reports were published.

The explanation of (B) in the OE is easier to see when the option is inserted, thus:
During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throughout India,
sketching and keeping journals that were forming the basis of news reports about the princely states visited.
...princely states visited by whom?

If time sequence is not an issue, as dave13 points out,

dave13 also notes correctly
(D) should say . . . THAT had formed the basis . . .
If "which" is involved as a modifier, it is preceded by a comma. See below for a link to an article about that and which.

Finally, daagh wrote:
daagh first argues that the logic of the sentence requires that "journals" be modified by the THAT clause.
Those journals are the basis for subsequent news reports. This example is one of "logical predication" to which OEs often refer.
His second argument turns on the "restrictive or essential" modifier rule:

Details that are crucial to the core meaning of a sentence must
(1) NOT be set off by commas
(2) and in a that/which choice, if the modifier is essential, the pronoun is that.

This post, HERE, explains the difference between that and which (essential and non-essential modifiers)

Kudos go to Prateekj05 and dave13

generis Yes, indeed i meant to use vacuum cleaner in the desert and to try to vacuum the desert with vacuum cleaner
so yes preparing for GMAT is like vacuuming the desert. i thought to "hoover" means" to vacuum"

`
thank you for detailed explanation

Please explain that how "that" in the option E is correct. I think that refers to journal and instead of that those should be come.

jrk23 , this question is official.

If we are going to challenge an official answer, let us at least include analysis and a question that is comprehensible.

You posted:

I think that refers to journal and instead of that those should be come. (???)

Maybe you were typing quickly.

The only part I understand:
you believe that the word that refers to journals (plural).

It does.

And the issue is?
The problem with that reference is?

That does refer to the journals. The word THAT is a relative pronoun heading up a restrictive clause attached to ("touching") the noun it modifies.

The journals, which contained a lot of information about the places the women visited, formed the basis of the news reports that the women filed when they got home.

Those news reports were about the travel.

Please explain the problem you see with this logical and grammatical construction? I don't understand what you wrote before.

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