The original sentence draws an illogical comparison between “the population of ancient Rome” and
“any city in the Roman Empire.” First of all, a population of one city can only be compared to the
population of another city. Also, the second term of the comparison must refer to "any other city,"
since Rome was obviously also a city in the Roman Empire.
The underlined portion of the sentence begins with a relative clause that describes "Emperor
Claudius," a person. The relative pronoun "which" is incorrect, since "which" only introduces phrases
that modify things.
(A) This choice is incorrect as it repeats the original sentence.
(B) This choice draws an illogical comparison between the “the population of ancient Rome” and “no
other city” and introduces the wordy passive construction “was exceeded.”
(C) This answer choice states that the “population of ancient Rome” was greater than “that of any
city,” rather than “that of any other city,” thus illogically implying that the population of Rome was
greater than even the population of Rome.
(D) This answer choice states that “ancient Rome” was greater than “any city in the Roman Empire,”
rather than “any other city in the Roman Empire,” thus illogically implying that the city exceeded
itself. Also, by failing to mention the population as the parameter of comparison, this answer choice
introduces ambiguity and fails to retain the intended meaning of the original sentence.
(E) CORRECT. This answer choice draws a logical comparison between “the population of ancient
Rome” and “that of any other city," uses active voice, drops the wordy and incorrect construction
“which was,” and retains the intended meaning of the original sentence.