Economists have found that every time a regulatory restriction on the

Question

Economists have found that every time a regulatory restriction on the price of dairy products was abolished in a certain country, the food engineering expenses of dairy product manufacturers in that country increased and a wider range of products was produced . It was also established that, in general, dairy companies in countries which do not restrict the price of dairy products spent more on their food engineering divisions than did such companies in countries which do have price restrictions.  Nevertheless, if the restrictions are canceled, dairy products manufacturers will charge higher prices for their produce.

In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is an assumption supporting the economists' position; The second is the conclusion which arises from the argument

(B) The first is a prediction regarding a future development; The second is the evidence which proves the point made by the economist in this argument

(C) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the economist suggests will reoccur The second is contradicting evidence showing why it will not

(D) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the economist suggests will reoccur The second also describes a pattern of cause and effect that follows from the same cause

(E) The first is a generalization made by the economist supporting the point of the argument; the second is an exception to the first.

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PranavVyas · Answer

Economists have found that every time a regulatory restriction on the price of dairy products was abolished in a certain country, the food engineering expenses of dairy product manufacturers in that country increased and a wider range of products was produced. It was also established that, in general, dairy companies in countries which do not restrict the price of dairy products spent more on their food engineering divisions than did such companies in countries which do have price restrictions. Nevertheless, if the restrictions are canceled, dairy products manufacturers will charge higher prices for their produce.

In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is an assumption supporting the economists' position; The second is the conclusion which arises from the argument-  It is not an assumption-Incorrect

(B) The first is a prediction regarding a future development; The second is the evidence which proves the point made by the economist in this argument- It is not a prediction-Incorrect

(C) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the economist suggests will reoccur The second is contradicting evidence showing why it will not-  It is not contradicting evidence-Incorrect

(D) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the economist suggests will reoccur The second also describes a pattern of cause and effect that follows from the same cause-  Same describes as boldfaced-Correct

(E) The first is a generalization made by the economist supporting the point of the argument; the second is an exception to the first.-  It is not about exception-Incorrect

IMO-D

Shubhradeep · Answer

Correct option should be D

An easy one to play the elimination game!! 
Let's analyse:

A. says first boldfaced one is an assumption-  which is completely incorrect because it says economists have found some pattern regarding the dairy product prices.

B.  Neither the first one is a prediction- we see the word prediction and we eliminate it.. pretty easy

C. It says the second boldfaced portion contradicts the evidence showing why the dairy product prices will not increase even if Regulatory restrictions are are withdrawn -  but it doesn't say that. It says that if restrictions are cancelled, dairy products manufacturers will charge higher prices for their produce. So Eliminate

E. Second one is not an exception put forward -  Eliminate .

D.  Indeed the first is a pattern of cause and effect and the second one also extrapolates the same concept. So this is the correct one

Hence, option D should be correct.

LamboWalker · Answer

The first boldface says that 'if X, then Y'. The second boldface says that 'if X, then Z also'.

(A) The first is an assumption supporting the economists' position; The second is the conclusion which arises from the argument 
First does not support economists' position.

(B) The first is a prediction regarding a future development; The second is the evidence which proves the point made by the economist in this argument 
First boldface is not a prediction.

(C) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the economist suggests will reoccur The second is contradicting evidence showing why it will not 
Second is not contracting evidence.

(D) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the economist suggests will reoccur The second also describes a pattern of cause and effect that follows from the same cause  
Correctly describes the role of the boldfaces in the passage.

(E) The first is a generalization made by the economist supporting the point of the argument; the second is an exception to the first. 
First is not a generalization.

Bunuel · Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

Economists have found that every time a regulatory restriction on the price of dairy products was abolished in a certain country, the food engineering expenses of dairy product manufacturers in that country increased and a wider range of products was produced . It was also established that, in general, dairy companies in countries which do not restrict the price of dairy products spent more on their food engineering divisions than did such companies in countries which do have price restrictions.  Nevertheless, if the restrictions are canceled, dairy products manufacturers will charge higher prices for their produce.

In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is an assumption supporting the economists' position; The second is the conclusion which arises from the argument

Incorrect.

This is a Boldface Type question, in which you are required to define the role of the two boldface sections in the argument. Read the argument and break it down using indicative words:

The phrase Economists have found tells us that Sentence 1 reports findings - a premise. 
  The phrase It was also established is a clue that Sentence 2 also reports findings, and is therefore a premise. 
  Sentence 3, the second boldface portion, can be identified as the author's prediction (conclusion) that opposes the benefits presented in the premises (nevertheless).

This answer choice can be eliminated directly after reading the word assumption. The first portion in boldface is a premise, not an assumption. You can immediately eliminate answer choices that incorrectly define the first boldface part; do not waste time reading the rest.

(B) The first is a prediction regarding a future development; The second is the evidence which proves the point made by the economist in this argument

Incorrect.

This answer choice can be eliminated directly after reading the word prediction. The first portion in boldface is a premise, not a prediction. You can immediately eliminate answer choices that incorrectly define the first boldface part; do not waste time reading the rest.

(C) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the economist suggests will reoccur The second is contradicting evidence showing why it will not

Incorrect.

While this answer choice defines the first boldface part correctly, it defines the second incorrectly. The second portion in boldface type is not evidence (i.e. a premise) but rather a prediction. It is not purely factual information since it deals with something that may or may not happen in the future.

(D) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the economist suggests will reoccur The second also describes a pattern of cause and effect that follows from the same cause

The first boldface portion describes a pattern of cause-and-effect: no restriction on price leads to more R&D and a wider range of products. The economists suggest that this will recur, i.e., happen again. The second boldface portion describes another such causal pattern: no restriction on price leads to higher prices. Both patterns have the same cause - no restriction on price.

While it is true that the first pattern was established while the other is a prediction, this does not make this answer choice any less correct, as this answer choice makes no claims about this aspect.

While it is true that the first pattern was established while the other is a prediction, this does not make this answer choice any less correct, as this answer choice makes no claims about this aspect.

(E) The first is a generalization made by the economist supporting the point of the argument; the second is an exception to the first.

Incorrect.

This is a Boldface Type question, in which you are required to define the role of the two boldface sections in the argument. Read the argument and break it down using indicative words:

The phrase Economists have found tells us that Sentence 1 reports findings - a premise. 
  The phrase It was also established is a clue that Sentence 2 also reports findings, and is therefore a premise. 
  Sentence 3, the second boldface portion, can be identified as the author's prediction (conclusion) that opposes the benefits presented in the premises (nevertheless).

While the first part of this answer choice can be accepted as a correct description of the first portion in boldface, the second part incorrectly describes the second portion in boldface as an exception to the situation described in the first boldface type portion.

The second portion in boldface is not an exception. It is a general prediction which the author claims will apply to all or most cases.

Economists have found that every time a regulatory restriction on the

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Economists have found that every time a regulatory restriction on the

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