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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION

Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1)



Quote:
Fossil discoveries suggest that an extinct river turtle survived the meteorite, which killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago.


A) meteorite, which killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago

B) meteorite that had killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago

C) meteorite that killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago

D) meteorite, which had killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago

E) meteorite killing off dinosaurs 65 million years ago

• Split #1: that v. which

The information that killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago is essential to understanding and identifying the meteorite.
Accordingly, the sentence must use that, not which, and omit the comma.

Options A and D use COMMA + WHICH and should use THAT + no comma.
Eliminate A and D

• Split #2: verb tense - past perfect is not warranted here

We use the past perfect to describe one event that happened before the others.
Past perfect is often called the "past of the past."

The events in this sentence are not appropriate for past perfect.

Past perfect would require this sequence:
|dinosaurs died] → [meteorite] → [turtles survive]
Options B and D use past perfect (had + verbED) illogically.
The turtle survived the meteorite—the very same meteorite that simultaneously killed the dinosaurs.

ELIMINATE B (D is already eliminated)

• Split #3 - "killing" is incorrect

In option E, the gerund killing should be changed into a that clause, that killed.
→ we want to say that the river turtle survived the very meteorite that killed the dinosaurs.
→ we do not want to say that the river turtle was surviving the meteorite that was killing the dinosaurs.
→ we have a fait accompli. "Killing" does not convey that fact.

The correct answer is C

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yashikaaggarwal and AntrikshR , your posts are thoughtful. And helpful.
Nice work.
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Quote:
Fossil discoveries suggest that an extinct river turtle survived the meteorite, which killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago.


Quote:
A) meteorite, which killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago
C) meteorite that killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago
'Which' vs 'that'
Placing which incorrectly places the sentence after the comma in a non-essential modifier case. This is wrong as we have to showcase the specific meteorite that killed dinosaurs . For that ,that should be used.

Quote:
B) meteorite that had killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago
D) meteorite, which had killed off dinosaurs 65 million years ago
The sequence of the events that took place is already given. Therefore we do not need any past perfect. Simple past will suffice.
Quote:

E) meteorite killing off dinosaurs 65 million years ago
No comma before killing off incorrectly gives additional info about a specific meteorite.Also even if comma is introduced the sentence is wrong. Turtle survived the meteorite killing off dinosaurs....Absolutely bizzare
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