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Princ
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(A) it must now be ascertained by the president's advisors how the country can both expand foreign trade and work effectively toward peace in the region, which they were unable to do in the past

"Having" in the non-underlines portion implies a possession and usually refers to animatic things. "it" is INCORRECT


(B) it must now be ascertained by the president's advisors how the country can both expand foreign trade and must work effectively toward peace, which they were unable to do in the past in the region

"expand" and "must" are not parallel. This option also repeats the error in option A INCORRECT


(C) the president's advisors must now ascertain both how the country can expand foreign trade and work effectively toward peace in the region, which they were unable to do in the past

Wrong placement of the word "both" INCORRECT


(D) the president's advisors must now ascertain how the country can both expand foreign trade and work effectively toward peace in the region, which they were unable to do in the past


(E) the president's advisors must now ascertain how the country can both expand foreign trade and also how to make it work more effectively than in the past toward peace in the region

"both" and "also" are repetitive. INCORRECT


Hence option D
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A and B are out because of modifirer issue, the verbing at the start (having) must modify the subject of the clause.

Who mollified the opposition leadership? The advisors .

Among c , d and e.

C: out because both x and y , x and y are not parallel.

E: and also, redundnat and also x and y not parallel.

D remains, nice and parallel and no modifier issue.

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Princ
Having finally mollified the opposition leadership by granting it a seat in the new government, it must now be ascertained by the president's advisors how the country can both expand foreign trade and work effectively toward peace in the region, which they were unable to do in the past.

(A) it must now be ascertained by the president's advisors how the country can both expand foreign trade and work effectively toward peace in the region, which they were unable to do in the past

(B) it must now be ascertained by the president's advisors how the country can both expand foreign trade and must work effectively toward peace, which they were unable to do in the past in the region

(C) the president's advisors must now ascertain both how the country can expand foreign trade and work effectively toward peace in the region, which they were unable to do in the past

(D) the president's advisors must now ascertain how the country can both expand foreign trade and work effectively toward peace in the region, which they were unable to do in the past

(E) the president's advisors must now ascertain how the country can both expand foreign trade and also how to make it work more effectively than in the past toward peace in the region

Considering parallel structure and Idiom, D is the best answer.
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the president's advisors must now ascertain how the country can both expand foreign trade and work effectively toward peace in the region, which they were unable to do in the past

What does "which" in ans (d) refers to ?
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May I ask…How can “which” in D modifies the “region”. Doesnt make sense.
Please kindly help explain 🥹🥺

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