Hey there thanks for your clarification.
So I agree that getting recommenders from your past supervisors is probably critical. If I were the adcomm I would wonder why you chose not to (perhaps because you thought they wouldn't endorse you?). I've asked my very busy partners (I work in management consulting) to write my recs even though they're slammed. Each of them said they felt it was important and they would carve out time to help support my candidacy. I would believe your folks would do the same.
So, if I had to guess you had a profile that looked like this:
GMAT - great!
Grades - good
Work Experience - good, slightly fewer years than average
Extra Curric - (??)
Goals - good
Essays - fine
Result: good-good-good nothing sizzling or great in the very competitive world of apps. Being a white male is a big demographic - my bschool friends say the white guys kinda high five each other like "wow, we must be special".
It can be frustrating that demographics matter, but when you have 5x 10x the number of qualified applicants you need, you get to decide based upon whatever criteria you like.
I think your instinct about adding some humor is likely a good one. I am personally using humor in at least one essay for each of my apps - more playful and humanizing I think.
Good news is that you have time to get better and apply again

(Sadly for me, it's probably this year or never so I am hoping for a ding-free spring!)