thearch
kapslock
B $2.
C ----$5----->A.---------$4--------->B--------$3------->C
.................Keeps $1 ................Keeps $1.........Gets $3 back from $5.
Thus total loss = $2.
Probably I'm wrong, but from your reasoning follows that Carol gives Anne $5 and then gets back $3 from Bob. However, we're not interested in how much Carol gets from Bob. So, actually, Carol gives Anne $5.
I pick $5
Pretty interesting line of thought TheArch
Let me then ask a pretty interesting question - according to the question, its Carol who gave money to settle all the debts - so two points
1. How does she pay to settle debt in which she ows money? (remember that Bob owes Carol $3)
2. Suppose she does, then the total payment is $12 (3+4+5). This is not even an option.
Going back to my approach, we can have an interesting way of solving your question about ignoring whatever she gets back.
How about the case when Carol gives $1 each to Anne and Bob and gives them the following explanations:
Anne, you owed Bob $4. But I owed you $5. You were to gain $1. Take it and get out of the picture.
Bob, you were to get $4 from Anne, but were to give me $3, in the process keeping $1 to yourself. Take this $1 and get out of the picture.
Thus, she pays $2 and settles the debts.