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27 Nov 2020, 12:33
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A space weather event can produce geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) that may be transmitted by surface-connected conductors such as the electric-power grid. When GICs enter the power grid, they act as direct current (DC) sources that flow alongside the normal alternating currents (AC) produced at power plants and transferred along power lines to electrical substations. Basic incompatibilities between DC and AC currents may interfere with the normal functioning and performance of Extra High Voltage (EHV) transformers. The interaction of GICs with these transformers can result in a number of physical effects that, if sufficiently large and not properly managed, may adversely impact the power system.
For example, GIC–transformer interactions can increase reactive power consumption, contributing to voltage instabilities and potentially leading to power outages. They can also cause interference that leads to the improper operation of protective relay equipment (e.g., static compensators) and/or the tripping offline and potentially damaging of generators. It is important to note that this impact pathway is the only one that has to-date been known to trigger space weather–related blackouts.
For example, GIC–transformer interactions can increase reactive power consumption, contributing to voltage instabilities and potentially leading to power outages. They can also cause interference that leads to the improper operation of protective relay equipment (e.g., static compensators) and/or the tripping offline and potentially damaging of generators. It is important to note that this impact pathway is the only one that has to-date been known to trigger space weather–related blackouts.
According to the information provided, which of the following physical effects has been shown—based on past experience—to cause service interruptions in the power grid?
| Improper operation of protective relay equipment | |
| Loss of precision timing | |
| Real power imbalances | |
| Transformer heating | |
| Reactive Power Consumption |
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Official Answer
Improper operation of protective relay equipment
27 Nov 2020, 12:33
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Official Solution:
Checking the image in Tab 3, under the Service Interruptions column, only Improper operation of protective relay equipment has a black circle—confirming that it has been shown, based on past experience, to cause service interruptions. All other listed effects have open circles, indicating they are not confirmed.
Correct answer:
According to the information provided, which of the following physical effects has been shown—based on past experience—to cause service interruptions in the power grid? "Improper operation of protective relay equipment"
Bunuel
Checking the image in Tab 3, under the Service Interruptions column, only Improper operation of protective relay equipment has a black circle—confirming that it has been shown, based on past experience, to cause service interruptions. All other listed effects have open circles, indicating they are not confirmed.
Correct answer:
According to the information provided, which of the following physical effects has been shown—based on past experience—to cause service interruptions in the power grid? "Improper operation of protective relay equipment"
