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ezinis
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If Martin introduces an amendment to Evans's bill, then 12 Nov 2009, 09:09
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If Martin introduces an amendment to
Evans’s bill, then Johnson and Lloyd will
both vote the same way. If Evans speaks
against Lloyd’s position, Johnson will defend
anyone voting with him. Martin will
introduce an amendment to Evans’s bill
only if Evans speaks against Johnson’s
position.
If the above statements are true, each of
the following can be true EXCEPT
(A) if Evans speaks against Johnson’s
position, Lloyd will not vote with
Johnson.
(B) if Martin introduces an amendment
to Evans’s bill, then Evans has spoken
against Johnson’s position.
(C) if Evans speaks against Johnson’s
position, Martin will not introduce an
amendment to Evans’ bill.
(D) if Martin introduces an amendment
to Evans’s bill, then either Johnson
will not vote with Lloyd or Evans did
not speak against Johnson’s position.
(E) if either Evans did not speak against
Lloyd’s position or Martin did not
introduce an amendment to Evans’s
bill, then either Johnson did not defend
Lloyd or Martin spoke against
Johnson’s position.



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If Martin introduces an amendment to Evans's bill, then 14 Nov 2009, 06:00
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C.
C directly contracts the last statement.
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ezinis
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If Martin introduces an amendment to Evans's bill, then 14 Nov 2009, 07:55
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Hey economist, for questions like this, you need to take a careful look at each and every answer choice. Make sure to pick the "best" answer.

Cheers
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ezinis
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If Martin introduces an amendment to Evans's bill, then 15 Nov 2009, 06:45
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nobody seems interested?
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If Martin introduces an amendment to Evans's bill, then 18 Nov 2009, 09:11
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ezinis
If Martin introduces an amendment to
Evans’s bill, then Johnson and Lloyd will
both vote the same way. If Evans speaks
against Lloyd’s position, Johnson will defend
anyone voting with him. Martin will
introduce an amendment to Evans’s bill
only if Evans speaks against Johnson’s
position.
If the above statements are true, each of
the following can be true EXCEPT
(A) if Evans speaks against Johnson’s
position, Lloyd will not vote with
Johnson.
(B) if Martin introduces an amendment
to Evans’s bill, then Evans has spoken
against Johnson’s position.
(C) if Evans speaks against Johnson’s
position, Martin will not introduce an
amendment to Evans’ bill.
(D) if Martin introduces an amendment
to Evans’s bill, then either Johnson
will not vote with Lloyd or Evans did
not speak against Johnson’s position.
(E) if either Evans did not speak against
Lloyd’s position or Martin did not
introduce an amendment to Evans’s
bill, then either Johnson did not defend
Lloyd or Martin spoke against
Johnson’s position.
Show more

Let me guess!!!

This is a fact-set stimulus.
Fact 1 - If Martin introduces an amendment to
Evans’s bill, then Johnson and Lloyd will
both vote the same way. Meaning: Hard fact, as the statement itself claims.
Fact 2 - If Evans speaks
against Lloyd’s position, Johnson will defend
anyone voting with him. Meaning: Hard fact, as the statement itself claims.
Fact 3 - Martin will
introduce an amendment to Evans’s bill
only if Evans speaks against Johnson’s
position. Meaning: Evans speaking against Johnson is but a sufficient condition for Martin to introduce the amendment. Martin might as well not choose to, but necessarily Evans has to speak against Johnson for Martin to consider introducing the amendment.

Honestly, in fact-2 "Johnson will defend
anyone voting with him" - pronoun 'him' is unclear as referencing to whom. Is it Lloyd? Is it Evans or is it Johnson himself? I believe based on fact-1, only Johnson and Lloyd are allowed to vote so, I am considering Johnson himself. Also notice, Fact 3 is circular and points to Fact 1 again.

The question stem asks us one option that may not be true.

A - Fact-3 states if Evans speaks against Johnson, only then Martin will introduce the amendment. However, Evans speaking against Johnson is a sufficient condition for Martin to introduce the amendment. No other condition is required, but this alone does not however guarantee that Martin will necessarily introduce the amendment. Then again fact-1 states, if Martin introduces the amendment then Johnson and Lloyd will vote same way. So if Martin chose not to introduce the amendment despite Evans speaking against Johnson, then Lloyd might vote differently. This is true.

B - This is restating the Fact-3 by replacing the occurence of sequences. For Martin to introduce the amendment, Evan must speak against Johnson. So if Martin is introducing it, obviously Evans has spoken against Johnson. This is true.

C - This is attacking Fact - 3, rather strongly. Fact - 3 states, if Evans speaks against Johnson, only then Martin will introduce the amendment. So if indeed Evans has spoken against Johnson, there is a possibility that Martin might not introduce the amendment. So, Martin might not introduce the amendment even after Evans speaks against Johnson. This is true as well.

D - For Martin to introduce the amendment, Evans necessarily must have spoken against Johnson, and Lloyd and Johnson now will vote the same way because Martin has introduced the amendment. Clearly, this is contradicting the stimulus. This must be the answer.

E - One read at this option is clear that it is out of the scope of the stimulus. Martin never speaks against anyone in the stimulus, so we can never judge if this option can ever be true or not. We want a solid answer, something that might not be true.

My final answer - D. What is the OA?
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If Martin introduces an amendment to Evans's bill, then 18 Nov 2009, 14:01
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You got it, D is OA
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If Martin introduces an amendment to Evans's bill, then 18 Nov 2009, 16:08
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ezinis
You got it, D is OA
Show more

Phewww!!! This was a tough one. Took me quite a while and as and how I was typing, I formulated the answer. Even then, I don't think non-native speakers like me will be able to catch the trick in fact-3 that I presented and read the answer options in that perspective. Certainly, this kind of a question is bound to take over 2 precious minutes.



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