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In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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30 Jul 2010, 05:45
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In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 have at least one cell phone, and 55 have at least one MP3 player. If x and y are respectively the greatest and lowest possible number of households that have all three of these devices, x – y is:
Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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30 Jul 2010, 06:25
35
21
Hussain15 wrote:
In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 have at least one cell phone, and 55 have at least one MP3 player. If x and y are respectively the greatest and lowest possible number of households that have all three of these devices, x – y is:
A. 65
B. 55
C. 45
D. 35
E. 25
For me the best way to solve this problem is not use Venn diagram or formulas but to draw simple bars (note: each dash is 5):
Min overlap is 10: -------------------- 80 phones; -------------------- 75 DVD's; -------------------- 55 MP3.
Max overlap is 55: -------------------- 80 phones; -------------------- 75 DVD's; -------------------- 55 MP3.
Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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30 Jul 2010, 07:59
4
1
Nice approach by Bunnel.
Even if we have to use Venn diagram.
Attachment:
a.png [ 17.44 KiB | Viewed 57410 times ]
For minimum overlap, 80 and 75 will have maximum overlap and 55 will be distributed among three sections : namely 80,75 and all three
Reason : If 55 have elements with no overlapping then 75 and 80 can not have max overlap. To have minimum overlap, 75 and 80 must overlap to the max. So those elements which are not part of intersection of all the three can be shared between 75 and 80.
a+b+c+d = 100............4 using 4 and 1 we get d = 20 using 4 and 2 we get a = 25 using the above values of a,d and equation 3 we get c = 55 -a-d = 55- 20-25 = 10
Hence minimum is 10.
For max : 75 will have 55 inside 80 will have the intersection of 75 and 55 i.e. 55
thus total becomes 55 + 20 + 25 = 100 where 55 = intersection of all the three 20 = 75 outside the intersection of 75 and 55 25 = 80 outside the intersection of 75,55,80
Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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02 Aug 2010, 18:14
a+b+c+d = 100............4 using 4 and 1 we get d = 20 using 4 and 2 we get a = 25 using the above values of a,d and equation 3 we get c = 55 -a-d = 55- 20-25 = 10
Hence minimum is 10.
For max : 75 will have 55 inside 80 will have the intersection of 75 and 55 i.e. 55
thus total becomes 55 + 20 + 25 = 100 where 55 = intersection of all the three 20 = 75 outside the intersection of 75 and 55 25 = 80 outside the intersection of 75,55,80
thus 55 is the max.
x-y = 55-10 = 45[/quote]
gurpreetsingh,
Is it possible to demonstrate your approach using 3 overlapping sets. That's the reason why I can't make that much sence out of your explanation because here we have 3 overlapping sets. I cant figure out why you are using just 2.
All the help is highly appreciated.
_________________
Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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08 Aug 2010, 03:24
17
7
nitishmahajan wrote:
Hi Bunuel,
Could you please explain how did you get the minimum over lap as 10 ?
Cheers,
seekmba wrote:
Hey Bunuel,
Can you please explain the min overlap part where you got 10?
Thanks
Well everything is on the diagram but I'll try to elaborate:
-----(-----------)---- 80 phones (black dashes represents # of people who don't have phone, so 20 people don't have phone); -----(-----------)---- 75 DVD's (black dashes represent # of people who don't have DVD, so 25 people don't have DVD);
So you see that overlap of phone and DVD owners is 55 and 45 people don't have either phones or DVD's.
To have min overlap of 3 let 20 people who don't have phone to have MP3 and also 25 people who don't have DVD's to have MP3. So we distributed 45 MP3 and there is no overlap of 3 yet. But 10 DVD's are still left to distribute and only people to have them is the group which has both MP3 and phone.
Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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08 Aug 2010, 10:24
Bunuel, Your answer is elegant. But I must admit I would have jumped into the Venn diagram first. So can you please explain how to solve this in that approach using the usually established formulae? It would be great to think out of the box, but sadly my mind is not such
Also in your explanation above, you mention overlap of "3", did you mean "2" = 2x5=10?
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Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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Updated on: 14 Aug 2010, 01:46
10
3
For mainhoon and others who still didn't understand, you have to create the situation of minimum possible overlap. This is done in the way Bunuel explains it:
After the first step of distributing phones and DVDs among the 100, you get 55 as the minimum possible overlap for these 2. Now you bring in the MP3s, of which there are 55. Remember, you are trying to make sure as few people as possible get all 3 - if possible, none. So, what do you do when you have 55 MP3s, and 45 people left who don't have an DVD and a phone? Distribute it among them first, naturally!
After doing that, you still have 10 left over. You are left with no choice but to distribute these among those who already have a DVD and phone. Hence the minimum overlap you can possibly achieve is 10.
This gives you the answer of 55 - 10 = 45.
Originally posted by rednblack89 on 14 Aug 2010, 01:38.
Last edited by rednblack89 on 14 Aug 2010, 01:46, edited 1 time in total.
Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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14 Aug 2010, 18:04
2
Bunuel wrote:
nitishmahajan wrote:
Hi Bunuel,
Could you please explain how did you get the minimum over lap as 10 ?
Cheers,
seekmba wrote:
Hey Bunuel,
Can you please explain the min overlap part where you got 10?
Thanks
Well everything is on the diagram but I'll try to elaborate:
-----(-----------)---- 80 phones (black dashes represents # of people who don't have phone, so 20 people don't have phone); -----(-----------)---- 75 DVD's (black dashes represent # of people who don't have DVD, so 25 people don't have DVD);
So you see that overlap of phone and DVD owners is 55 and 45 people don't have either phones or DVD's.
To have min overlap of 3 let 20 people who don't have phone to have MP3 and also 25 people who don't have DVD's to have MP3. So we distributed 45 MP3 and there is no overlap of 3 yet. But 10 DVD's are still left to distribute and only people to have them is the group which has both MP3 and phone.
Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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Updated on: 24 Nov 2011, 19:49
31
14
hiredhanak: I am assuming you are looking for a venn diagram solution to this question..
It is pretty simple. First of all maximum number of households: We want to bring the circles to overlap as much as possible. 80 - Cell phone 75 - DVD 55 - MP3 Lets take Cell phone and DVD circles since they will have maximum overlap. They must overlap in 55 households so that total number of households is 100. Now put the MP3 households in a way to maximize all three overlap.
Attachment:
Ques1.jpg [ 12.66 KiB | Viewed 56121 times ]
So at most 55 households can have all 3.
Now, minimum number of households: We want to take the circles as far apart from each other as possible. Now put the MP3 households in a way to minimize all three overlap. So make the MP3 households occupy the shaded region i.e. region occupied by DVD players alone and cell phone alone. You will be able to adjust 45 MP3s outside the common area but you will need to put 10 of the MP3 households in the common area. So minimum overlap is 10.
Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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09 Jan 2011, 19:24
5
1
suchoudh wrote:
VeritasPrepKarishma wrote:
Now, minimum number of households: We want to take the circles as far apart from each other as possible. Now put the MP3 households in a way to minimize all three overlap. So put it in the shaded region. You will need to put 10 of the MP3 households in the common area. So minimum overlap is 10.
Ok, and how did you get to the number 10?
(25 + 20 =) 45 households have either only Cell or only DVD Player. Out of the 55 households who have MP3 Players, put 45 in these areas so that all three do not overlap. But the rest of the (55 - 45 =)10 households that have MP3 players need to be put in the common region consisting of 55 households that have both Cell and DVD Player. Hence overlap of all three will be 10.
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Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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24 Jun 2011, 13:58
50
20
Am I missing something here??? it seems straightforward......
The obvious maximum that have all 3 is 55, because you are limited by the SMALLEST number.
The minimum is simply the sum of the max of each people who DONT have the product, so:
100-80 = 20 don't have Cell 100-75 = 25 don't have DVD and 100-55 = 45 don't have MP3
SO a total of 20+25+45 = 90 combined who might NOT have SOME combination of the 3 products. So subtract that from 100, to give you the minimum of the people who COULD have all 3 and you get 100-90 = 10.
Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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14 Aug 2012, 06:41
3
Hussain15 wrote:
In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 have at least one cell phone, and 55 have at least one MP3 player. If x and y are respectively the greatest and lowest possible number of households that have all three of these devices, x – y is:
A. 65 B. 55 C. 45 D. 35 E. 25
A more algebraic approach:
If we denote by \(N_2\) the number of households with exactly two types of devices, and by \(N_3\) the number of those with all three types, than we can write the following equation:
\(100=75+80+55-N_2-2N_3,\) from which we get that \(N_2+2N_3=110.\) Households with exactly two types of devices we counted twice, so we have to subtract them once. Households with exactly three types of devices we counted three times, therefore we have to remove them twice.
Maximum for \(N_3\) is 55, in which case \(N_2=0\), meaning there are no households with exactly two types of devices, but only either with just one type or all three of them. Everybody who has an MP3 player, also has a DVD player and a cell phone.
In order to determine the minimum number of households with exactly three types of devices, let's take a look at the possible combinations of two devices. If \(N_3\) is minimum, there should be households with exactly two types of devices but not three.
All types of devices, but also those having exactly two types, explicitly DVD players and Cell Phones - If \(N_{DC}\) is the number of households that have exactly these two types of devices, then \(N_{DC}+N_3\geq75+80-100=55\). All types of devices, but also those having exactly two types, explicitly DVD players and MP3 players - If \(N_{DM}\) is the number of households that have exactly these two types of devices, then \(N_{DM}+N_3\geq75+55-100=30\). All types of devices, but also those having exactly two types, explicitly Cell phone and MP3 players - If \(N_{CM}\) is the number of households that have exactly these two types of devices, then \(N_{CM}+N_3\geq80+55-100=35\).
Adding the above three inequalities, we obtain that \(N_{DC}+N_{DM}+N_{CM}+3N_3\geq120.\) Since \(N_{DC}+N_{DM}+N_{CM}=N_2\), we get that \(N_2+3N_3\geq120.\) Taking into account that \(N_2+2N_3=110\), we obtain \(110+N_3\geq{120}\) or \(N_3\geq{10}.\)
\(55-10=45\)
Answer C
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Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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15 Jul 2013, 11:03
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4
My imagination about minimum overlapping percentage.
Attachment:
overlapp.jpg [ 70.48 KiB | Viewed 51230 times ]
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Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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21 Jul 2013, 01:04
2
I have given the solution to a similar problem. Here's the solution for this problem.
1. Let C, D and M be who have cell only, dvd only and mp3 only and CD be who have both cell and dvd only and so on. 2 CDM is minimum when C+D+M=0 and maximum when CD+CM+DM=0. 3. C+D+M+CD+DM+CM+CDM=100 -- (1) because the total of all the mutually exclusive has to sum up to 100 which is the number of households. 4. (C+CD+CM+CDM) + (D+CD+DM+CDM) +(M+CM+DM+CDM) = 80+75+55 or , C+D+M+2CD+2CM+2DM+3CDM =210 ----(2) 5. (2) - (1) = CD+CM+DM+2CDM=110 --- (3) 6. (3) - (1) => CDM-(C+D+M) =10 ---(4) We can find the minimum value when we put (C+D+M) = 0 above giving minimum CDM=10 7. To find maximun value equation (1) can be changed as C+D+M+CDM=100 -- (5) by putting CD+CM+DM=0 From (4) and (5) we have CDM=55 which is maximun CDM 8.The answer is max CDM - min CDM i.e., 55-10=45
As a shortcut for this type of problems where there are 3 items , the minimum possible for all the 3 can be found out by adding the percentages of the 3 i.e., 55+75+80=210 . and subtracting 200 i.e, 210-200=10 . the maximum can be found out by adding the minimum to 100 and dividing by 2 i.e., (100+10)/2 = 55. Both the answers are percentages.
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Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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17 Oct 2013, 22:03
VeritasPrepKarishma wrote:
hiredhanak: I am assuming you are looking for a venn diagram solution to this question..
It is pretty simple. First of all maximum number of households: We want to bring the circles to overlap as much as possible. 80 - Cell phone 75 - DVD 55 - MP3 Lets take Cell phone and DVD circles since they will have maximum overlap. They must overlap in 55 households so that total number of households is 100. Now put the MP3 households in a way to maximize all three overlap.
Attachment:
Ques1.jpg
So at most 55 households can have all 3.
Now, minimum number of households: We want to take the circles as far apart from each other as possible. Now put the MP3 households in a way to minimize all three overlap. So make the MP3 households occupy the shaded region i.e. region occupied by DVD players alone and cell phone alone. You will be able to adjust 45 MP3s outside the common area but you will need to put 10 of the MP3 households in the common area. So minimum overlap is 10.
Attachment:
Ques2.jpg
x - y = 55 - 10 = 45
Responding to a pm:
When discussing the maximum overlap case, none NEEDN'T be 0. It may be, it may not be.
Put the three circles within each other. The 75 circle within the 80 circle and the 55 circle within the 75 circle. The overlap will be 55 in that case and none = 20. The figure only shows one of the possible ways of obtaining the maximum.
In the case of minimum, you would want the circles to lie as far apart as possible. If none is anything other than 0, the circles would need to overlap more. Say none = 10, the circles of 80 and 75 would need to have an overlap of 65. So the 55 circle can occupy 25 but an overlap of 30 will be needed. Hence minimum overlap will increase. TO minimize the overlap, we will need None = 0.
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Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80 [#permalink]
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17 Dec 2013, 23:52
noboru wrote:
I have done it in 1:41 doing this:
x= (75+55+80-100-z)/2 for z=0 ->55 y=the same for z=100 ->10
Therefore x-y=45
PS: z is obviously the people who have 2 devices.
Hi Karishma, is this correct? I am not able to get this approach.
100=80+75+55-z-2a
where z - no. of people with exactly 2 devices a – no of people with 3 devices a(max) = x, a(min) = y, (x-y) ? 100 = 210-z-2a 2a = 110-z a = (110-z)/2
Now, how can we ever take z = 0, as even in case of maximum overlap i.e. when maximum no. of people have 3 devices, z = 20, which is the overlap b/w C(mobile device) and D(DVD).
Also how is z = 100, all 100 cannot have exactly 2 devices.
gmatclubot
Re: In a village of 100 households, 75 have at least one DVD player, 80
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17 Dec 2013, 23:52
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36% (02:06) correct 
