In contrast to environmentalists' proposals to limit emissions of cert

Question

In contrast to environmentalists' proposals to limit emissions of certain pollutants, the  administration proposed calling for mandatory restrictions of  only three such pollutants from power plants-mercury, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides-and the plan would delay such cuts until 2010 or later.

A. administration proposed calling for mandatory restriction of
B. administration proposed a call for mandatory restrictions, including those for
C. administration, proposing mandatory restrictions on
D. administration’s proposal was a call for mandatory restrictions, which include
E. administration’s proposal would call for mandatory restrictions on

egmat · Accepted Answer

Hello everyone, PraktanP has given the correct answer here. In Choice D, which does modify the immediate preceding noun restrictions. I am just elaborating on his answer as to why which refers to restrictions and no other noun in the sentence. 1. Which cannot refer to the noun call because the call does not include the three pollutants . Also call is a singular noun. Hence, the plural verb include does not agree in number with singular call . 2. A noun modifier cannot jump over the verb to refer to a subject. Hence, which cannot jump over the verb was to refer to the subject proposal . Again, this reference has the same logical and grammatical issue that we saw with the modification of the noun call . 3. So in Choice D, which grammatically refers to the preceding plural noun restrictions . But then this modification is also not logical as restrictions do not include the three pollutants mentioned in the sentence. Hope this helps.

Thanks. Shraddha

Divyadisha · Answer

'environmentalists' proposals' must be compared with 'administration’s proposal'- A, B and C are out.

'Which' in choice 'D' refers to restriction. The meaning implies 'restriction includes three pollutants', and this is not the intended meaning. Actual meaning of the sentence is 'restriction on three pollutants'.

'E' is the correct answer

apache · Answer

please let me know in D  which include  stands for what
 restrictions  , call  or  proposal

UMB · Answer

Parallelizm : E is right (i think)
 In contrast to  requires Parallelizm 
In contrast to X(proposal), Y (adminstration's proposal) would ... 

why E not D, Although D is gramatically not flawed it is wordy. And .."...would cut ..." requires "would" after proposal (again they must be parallel Also it seems to me that "which" in D doesn't have a clear referent (it may be restrictions, propozal)
cheers

abhinava · Answer

To me E looks the answer.

A --->incorrect comparison of environmental proposals with administration
B --->incorrect comparison of environmental proposals with administration
C---->incorrect comparison of environmental proposals with administration
D---->"which includes " means that pollutants are examples of restriction (restrictions in on pollutants )

PraktanP · Answer

which stands for restrictions

EMPOWERgmatVerbal · Answer

Hi balvinder,

Thank you for your question. Let's tackle this question one problem at a time, and we'll figure out how to get to the correct answer.

Whenever a sentence indicates a comparison or contrast, the first thing to look for is parallel structure between the 2+ things being compared or contrasted. This sentence starts with "In contrast..." so we know this is a good place to start. Let's look at what two things are being contrasted and determine if they're parallel:

A: environmentalist's proposals / administration
B: environmentalist's proposals / administration
C: environmentalist's proposals / administration
D: environmentalist's proposals / administration's proposal
E: environmentalist's proposals / administration's proposal

Answers D & E are the only ones that use parallel structure, so let's get rid of answers A, B, & C.

Here are the main differences between answers D & E:

D. administration’s proposal  was a call  for mandatory restrictions, which include
By saying "was a call," this indicates that the proposal called for these restrictions in the past, but may or may not call for them today. It may also confuse readers into thinking this proposal no longer exists. Therefore, this is an INCORRECT answer.

E. administration’s proposal  would call  for mandatory restrictions on
This is the CORRECT answer because it uses parallel format and uses the clearer verb "would call" to show what restrictions the proposal currently contains.

svasan05 · Answer

In contrast to environmentalists' proposals to limit emissions of certain pollutants, the  administration proposed calling for mandatory restrictions of  only three such pollutants from power plants-mercury, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides-and the plan would delay such cuts until 2010 or later.

A. administration proposed calling for mandatory restriction of  The "environmentalist's  proposals " are being contrasted with "the administration", which is illogical. Eliminate.

B. administration proposed a call for mandatory restrictions, including those for  Same error as (A). Eliminate.

C. administration, proposing mandatory restrictions on  Same error as (A) & (B). Eliminate.

D. administration’s proposal was a call for mandatory restrictions, which include  "which" refers to "restrictions", but the "restrictions" do not "include" the three pollutants. Eliminate.

E. administration’s proposal would call for mandatory restrictions on  Correct answer. The correct entities are being contrasted (environmentalist's proposals and the administrations proposal) and no new error is introduced.

Hope this helps.

sanjeevsinha082 · Answer

A. Comparing ' environmentalists’ proposals ' to the administration is incorrect. 
B. Same as A 
C. Same as A 
D. 'which' here implies that the pollutants are examples if the restrictions. Parallelism missing - 
'and the plans would' requires 'would call for' in the first part 
E. Correct

waldo750750 · Answer

In contrast to X ..., Y ... this usage builds on X and Y is comparable. so eliminate option ABC ; 
and look for parallelism => proposal would call... and the plan would delay ... ; 
further check option D, "which" refers to "restrictions", apparently, "restrictions only include three such pollutants..." doesn't make sense due to "restrictions" themselves is not chemical substances or combined pollutants.

VerbalBot · Answer

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In contrast to environmentalists' proposals to limit emissions of cert

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In contrast to environmentalists' proposals to limit emissions of cert

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