In countries where companies offer financial bonuses for employee suggestions that improve efficiency, reports of such suggestions are twice as frequent as they are in countries where no bonuses are offered.
At present, there is no reliable way to determine whether a reported suggestion would genuinely lead to improved efficiency, so it is true that low-quality or insincere suggestions cannot be readily identified. Nevertheless, these facts do not warrant a conclusion
that has been drawn by some commentators: that in the countries with higher rates of reported suggestions, half of the reported suggestions are of little real value. What these commentators are overlooking is that in countries where no bonuses are offered, employees often have little incentive to submit suggestions that could in fact improve efficiency.
In the argument given, the two
boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
The argument accepts the first boldface as true: there is no reliable way to identify low-quality suggestions. But the argument rejects the commentators’ conclusion that half the suggestions in bonus countries are of little value.
The main point is that higher reporting may reflect underreporting in non-bonus countries, not necessarily
worthless extra reports in bonus countries.
A. The first is a judgment advanced in support of the main conclusion of the argument; the second is that main conclusion.
This is incorrect. The second boldface is not the argument’s conclusion; it is the conclusion the argument rejects.
B. Each is a judgment advanced in support of the main conclusion of the argument.
This is incorrect. The second boldface does not support the argument’s conclusion. It is the commentators’ disputed claim.
C. The first is an intermediate conclusion drawn in order to challenge a position opposed by the argument; the second is the position taken by the argument.
This is incorrect. The first is accepted as a fact, not an intermediate conclusion, and the second is not the argument’s position.
D. The first is a position that the argument accepts as true; the second states a claim that the argument disputes.
This is correct. The argument explicitly accepts the first boldface by saying “so it is true,” but says the facts do not warrant the second boldface claim.
E. The first states the position taken by the argument; the second is a consideration presented in order to support that position.
This is incorrect. The first is not the main position of the argument, and the second is not support; it is the claim being challenged.
Answer: (D)