In the five years after adopting the Paris Agreement

IMO-D

Meaning Analysis:

In the five years after adopting the Paris Agreement as part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, ratifying nations’ average greenhouse gas emissions increased by 3.4%, less than half as great as the increase in nations that did not ratify the treaty.

Intended Meaning
# Modifier: In five years after adopting the Paris Agreement + ( as part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change )--Modify: rectifying nations
# Main Clause: In ratifying nations average Greenhouse gas emissions have increased by 3.4%
# Modifier: This increase is half as great as increase in nations that did not ratify the treaty.----Modify: increase of 3.4%

(A) ratifying nations’ average greenhouse gas emissions increased by 3.4%, less than half as great as the increase ---Incorrect-----Modifier error--- First modifier " In five years after adopting..... " should refer to rectify nations as they adopted the Paris Agreement & not nations' avg. gas emission as intended in this option. Nations' cannot act as subject as it is possessive noun.

(B) emissions of greenhouse gases in ratifying nations increased by 3.4% on average, an increase less than half as great as---Incorrect-----Modifier Error---First modifier should refer to Nations and not emissions of greenhouse gases. Also in second modifier 'that' is missing to refer to he increase-(an increase as great as that...)

(C) average emissions of greenhouse gases in ratifying nations increased by 3.4%, less than half as great as that-----Incorrect-----Modifier & Pronoun Error---First modifier should refer to Nations and not average emission of greenhouse gases. in second modifier pronoun "that" is not having logical antecedent- should refer to "increase"

(D) ratifying nations have seen average greenhouse gas emissions increase by 3.4%, an increase less than half as great as that---------Correct---------------first modifier is correctly referring to noun- ratifying nations. Also pronoun "that" refer to "Increase" and the comparison is apt i.e. -'an increase as great as that.....'.

(E) ratifying nations have seen average greenhouse gas emissions increase by 3.4%, less than half as great as that---Incorrect-----Pronoun & Comparison error---n second modifier, pronoun "that"has no logical antecedent. as per passage, it should refer to "increase" but that has been dropped. Comparison is also not apt.