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505-555 (Easy)|   Weaken|                           
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uc26
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Abhishekkargwal
on what basis to negate option D, as the option says that Particle accelerators can be used more than once for the experiment. It seems like the option is weakening the conclusion

Abhishekkargwal, option D says - " Particle accelerators can be used for more than one group of experiments in any given year". It's okay that PA's can be used for more than one group of experiments, but how does that counter the journalist's statement? Option D is a general fact and does not really specify if the PA's have always been used for more than one group of experiments or is it just last year that this feature was introduced. Pre-thinking might tell you that at the very least we want something that differentiates last year from the previous years. D might be headed in the right direction, but as it stands, it is definitely incorrect here.

Hope this helps! :)
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Journalist: In physics journals, the number of articles reporting the results of experiments involving particle accelerators was lower last year than it had been in previous years. Several of the particle accelerators at major research institutions were out of service the year before last for repairs, so it is likely that the low number of articles was due to the decline in availability of particle accelerators.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the journalist’s argument?

Cause and Effect conclusion: Decline in availablity of particle accelerators caused the low number of articles

(A) Every article based on experiments with particle accelerators that was submitted for publication last year actually was published. - this is a strengthener because it eliminates a possible explanation for the low number of articles, making it more likely that in was the decline in availability of PAs

(B) The average time scientists must wait for access to a particle accelerator has declined over the last several years. - another strengthener because it eliminates a possible explanation for the low number of articles, which is lack of access to PAs by scientists, making it more likely that in was the decline in availability of PAs

(C) The number of physics journals was the same last year as in previous years. - same idea with above

(D) Particle accelerators can be used for more than one group of experiments in any given year. - does not affect conclusion, the argument still stands.

(E) Recent changes in the editorial policies of several physics journals have decreased the likelihood that articles concerning particle-accelerator research will be accepted for publication. - when an author makes a cause and effect argument, she assumes that there is only one cause of the effect. In this case, she assumes that the only explanation for the lower number of articles is the decline in availability of PAs. E weakens the argument by introducing a potential alternative cause, which is the change in publication policies of PA research, casting doubt on the conclusion.
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KarishmaB

Madam, Could you please explain that why option E is correct? Option E has word "Recent" changes then how could present explain something in past?
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KarishmaB

Madam, Could you please explain that why option E is correct? Option E has word "Recent" changes then how could present explain something in past?

'Recent' in terms of policies of several physics journals would likely be months, not days. Policy changes do not happen frequently and when they do, the policies last for many years. Hence a policy change that happened 6 months ago would be a 'recent change.' Also, many journals will not change their policies together and overnight. It would likely take many months.
Since the number of articles was lower last year, it makes sense that the policy changes made over last few months led to an overall decrease in the number of articles.
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ankitranjan
Journalist: In physics journals, the number of articles reporting the results of experiments involving particle
accelerators was lower last year than it had been in previous years. Several of the particle accelerators at major
research institutions were out of service the year before last for repairs, so it is likely that the low number of
articles was due to the decline in availability of particle accelerators.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the journalist’s argument?
(A) Every article based on experiments with particle accelerators that was submitted for publication last year
actually was published.
(B) The average time scientists must wait for access to a particle accelerator has declined over the last
several years.
(C) The number of physics journals was the same last year as in previous years.
(D) Particle accelerators can be used for more than one group of experiments in any given year.
(E) Recent changes in the editorial policies of several physics journals have decreased the likelihood that
articles concerning particle-accelerator research will be accepted for publication.

OA will be given tomorrow.


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My take on this one is pretty similar to the take I had on the Baseball Paradox problem, see https://gmatclub.com/forum/baseball-par ... l#p1126348

The short version is that any time you have a premise that describes some phenomenon and a conclusion that attempts to explain that phenomenon, you should look for alternate explanations.

Since this is a Weaken problem we want an answer that provides one such alternate explanation.

Here, the phenomenon (given as a premise) is that fewer papers were published this year, and some accelerators were down recently. The explanation (conclusion) is that the downtime for the accelerators caused the decrease in published papers. We're looking for an answer choice that would result in a decrease in published papers but has nothing to do with the accelerator down time. Only (E) even comes close to accomplishing this!

The real take-away for this problem (as well as the Baseball Paradox) has nothing to do with the specific problems but rather is about how you should study for Assumptions Family question types on CR. Look for patterns and categories of assumptions and try to generalize everything you do. This will make you much more efficient at brainstorming assumptions and before you know it you'll be accurately predicting most of the correct answers on these problems.

Cheers,
Mark

Hello,

avigutman

I want to discuss more on the below comment by MarkSullivan

Quote:
The real take-away for this problem (as well as the Baseball Paradox) has nothing to do with the specific problems but rather is about how you should study for Assumptions Family question types on CR. Look for patterns and categories of assumptions and try to generalize everything you do. This will make you much more efficient at brainstorming assumptions and before you know it you'll be accurately predicting most of the correct answers on these problems.

What do we learn from this question that can be applied to Assumption Questions ?

My take:-

Given X is the likely cause of Y ,

X - decline in availability of particle accelerators. Y - low number of articles

A valid assumption will be Z will not cause Y .

Say we change Option E to -

(E) Recent changes in the editorial policies of several physics journals have not decreased the likelihood that
articles concerning particle-accelerator research will be accepted for publication.

Z - Recent changes in the editorial policies of several physics journals
Y - articles concerning particle-accelerator research will be accepted for publication.

Is my understanding correct ?

Regards
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PriyamRathor
A valid assumption will be Z will not cause Y .

Say we change Option E to -

(E) Recent changes in the editorial policies of several physics journals have not decreased the likelihood that
articles concerning particle-accelerator research will be accepted for publication.

Z - Recent changes in the editorial policies of several physics journals
Y - articles concerning particle-accelerator research will be accepted for publication.

Is my understanding correct ?
Yes, PriyamRathor. When an argument presents a possible explanation for a phenomenon as if it is THE explanation for that phenomenon, the argument is necessarily assuming that no other potential explanation is available.
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