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13 Aug 2023, 12:00
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Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
56% (01:37) correct
44%
(01:49)
wrong
based on 1334
sessions
History
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Not Attempted Yet
Journalist: More and more people are being diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Many doctors have long believed that this is solely due to unnecessary testing that finds small tumors that do not lead to complications. However, while greater awareness of this cancer, especially its tendency to strike younger women, has indeed prompted more-frequent testing, overtesting is not really the culprit, because
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
A. exposure to certain chemicals appears to be associated with thyroid cancer
B. patients do not usually have symptoms unless the cancer is at an advanced stage
C. the accuracy of diagnostic tests for thyroid cancer has not increased significantly
D. the survival rate for thyroid cancer is higher than it is for most other cancers
E. thyroid tumors of all sizes are increasing significantly in number
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
A. exposure to certain chemicals appears to be associated with thyroid cancer
B. patients do not usually have symptoms unless the cancer is at an advanced stage
C. the accuracy of diagnostic tests for thyroid cancer has not increased significantly
D. the survival rate for thyroid cancer is higher than it is for most other cancers
E. thyroid tumors of all sizes are increasing significantly in number
13 Aug 2023, 13:10
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Journalist: More and more people are being diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Many doctors have long believed that this is solely due to unnecessary testing that finds small tumors that do not lead to complications. However, while greater awareness of this cancer, especially its tendency to strike younger women, has indeed prompted more-frequent testing, overtesting is not really the culprit, because
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
We see that the passage ends with "overtesting is not really the culprit, because __________."
So, the correct answer will support the conclusion that "overtesting is not really the culprit." In other words, the correct answer will answer the question "Why is overtesting not really the culprit?"
To find the correct answer, we need to understand in what overtesting is not the culprit. Reviewing the passage, we see that the phenomenon discussed is that "More and more people are being diagnosed with thyroid cancer," which many doctors believe to be "due to unnecessary testing that finds small tumors that do not lead to complications."
So, we need to find the choice that explains why overtesting is not the culprit in, i.e., the cause of, the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer.
A. exposure to certain chemicals appears to be associated with thyroid cancer
We might get the impression that this choice provides an alternative explanation for the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer and thus explains why overtesting is not the cause of that increase.
Notice, however, that this choice states a fact that has been true in both the past and the present. In other words, it's not new that exposure to certain chemicals appears to be associated with thyroid cancer.
Something that has been true in both the past and the present would not explain the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer that is occurring in the present. In other words, something that has remained the same would not explain a change.
Eliminate.
B. patients do not usually have symptoms unless the cancer is at an advanced stage
The fact that patients usually do not have symptoms unless the cancer is at an advanced stage would not explain the increase in diagnoses. After all, the fact that people do NOT have symptoms would not cause them to be diagnosed with the illness.
Eliminate.
C. the accuracy of diagnostic tests for thyroid cancer has not increased significantly
The fact that the accuracy of the tests has not increased eliminates an alternative cause for the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer. After all, if the accuracy of the tests had increased, then that increase in accuracy, rather than overtesting, could explain the increase in the number of diagnoses.
So, rather than explain why overtesting is not the cause, this choice provides an additional reason to believe that overtesting IS the cause.
Thus, this choice does the opposite of what we need.
Eliminate.
D. the survival rate for thyroid cancer is higher than it is for most other cancers
The survival rate of thyroid cancer would not affect the rate of diagnosis of thyroid cancer. So, this choice has no effect on the validity of the statement "overtesting is not really the culprit (in the increase in the number of diagnoses of thyroid cancer)."
Eliminate.
E. thyroid tumors of all sizes are increasing significantly in number
This choice provides an alternative cause of the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer: the number of thyroid tumors is increasing. After all, the fact that the number of tumors is increasing would certainly explain the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer.
By providing an alternative cause, this choice indicates why overtesting is not really the cause of the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer.
Keep.
The correct answer is (E).
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
We see that the passage ends with "overtesting is not really the culprit, because __________."
So, the correct answer will support the conclusion that "overtesting is not really the culprit." In other words, the correct answer will answer the question "Why is overtesting not really the culprit?"
To find the correct answer, we need to understand in what overtesting is not the culprit. Reviewing the passage, we see that the phenomenon discussed is that "More and more people are being diagnosed with thyroid cancer," which many doctors believe to be "due to unnecessary testing that finds small tumors that do not lead to complications."
So, we need to find the choice that explains why overtesting is not the culprit in, i.e., the cause of, the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer.
A. exposure to certain chemicals appears to be associated with thyroid cancer
We might get the impression that this choice provides an alternative explanation for the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer and thus explains why overtesting is not the cause of that increase.
Notice, however, that this choice states a fact that has been true in both the past and the present. In other words, it's not new that exposure to certain chemicals appears to be associated with thyroid cancer.
Something that has been true in both the past and the present would not explain the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer that is occurring in the present. In other words, something that has remained the same would not explain a change.
Eliminate.
B. patients do not usually have symptoms unless the cancer is at an advanced stage
The fact that patients usually do not have symptoms unless the cancer is at an advanced stage would not explain the increase in diagnoses. After all, the fact that people do NOT have symptoms would not cause them to be diagnosed with the illness.
Eliminate.
C. the accuracy of diagnostic tests for thyroid cancer has not increased significantly
The fact that the accuracy of the tests has not increased eliminates an alternative cause for the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer. After all, if the accuracy of the tests had increased, then that increase in accuracy, rather than overtesting, could explain the increase in the number of diagnoses.
So, rather than explain why overtesting is not the cause, this choice provides an additional reason to believe that overtesting IS the cause.
Thus, this choice does the opposite of what we need.
Eliminate.
D. the survival rate for thyroid cancer is higher than it is for most other cancers
The survival rate of thyroid cancer would not affect the rate of diagnosis of thyroid cancer. So, this choice has no effect on the validity of the statement "overtesting is not really the culprit (in the increase in the number of diagnoses of thyroid cancer)."
Eliminate.
E. thyroid tumors of all sizes are increasing significantly in number
This choice provides an alternative cause of the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer: the number of thyroid tumors is increasing. After all, the fact that the number of tumors is increasing would certainly explain the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer.
By providing an alternative cause, this choice indicates why overtesting is not really the cause of the increase in the number of people being diagnosed with thyroid cancer.
Keep.
The correct answer is (E).
13 Aug 2023, 12:45
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Bunuel
Journalist: More and more people are being diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Many doctors have long believed that this is solely due to unnecessary testing that finds small tumors that do not lead to complications. However, while greater awareness of this cancer, especially its tendency to strike younger women, has indeed prompted more-frequent testing, overtesting is not really the culprit, because
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
A. exposure to certain chemicals appears to be associated with thyroid cancer
B. patients do not usually have symptoms unless the cancer is at an advanced stage
C. the accuracy of diagnostic tests for thyroid cancer has not increased significantly
D. the survival rate for thyroid cancer is higher than it is for most other cancers
E. thyroid tumors of all sizes are increasing significantly in number
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
A. exposure to certain chemicals appears to be associated with thyroid cancer
B. patients do not usually have symptoms unless the cancer is at an advanced stage
C. the accuracy of diagnostic tests for thyroid cancer has not increased significantly
D. the survival rate for thyroid cancer is higher than it is for most other cancers
E. thyroid tumors of all sizes are increasing significantly in number
Conclusion of the argument: Overtesting (for thyroid cancer) is not really the culprit
The story:
- More and more people are being diagnosed with thyroid cancer
- Doctor's belief → This is solely due to unnecessary testing that finds small tumors
- Journalist argument → Agrees that greater awareness has indeed prompted more-frequent testing, however, concludes that overtesting is not really the culprit (of the increase in numbers of cases of thyroid cancer)
We have to strengthen the conclusion, i.e. find a reason which helps conclude that the increase is not due to over-testing.
Answer:
A. exposure to certain chemicals appears to be associated with thyroid cancer
The cause of thyroid cancer is not related to the conclusion. The author concludes that the increase in the number of cases is not due to over-testing. The information presented in this option doesn't help strengthen the conclusion. Hence, we can eliminate A.
B. patients do not usually have symptoms unless the cancer is at an advanced stage
While this option may give us reasons to believe that why people were not diagnosed with thyroid cancer earlier, probably because they didn't get tested until the cancer was in its early stage, the option doesn't support the conclusion of the journalist. If at all it slightly weakens the conclusion because the information makes us believe that because of overtesting cancer is detected early. Hence, we can eliminate this option.
C. the accuracy of diagnostic tests for thyroid cancer has not increased significantly
This information weakens the conclusion. If the accuracy has not increased, probably some other cause is leading to an increase in numbers. Maybe over-testing ?
Hence, we can eliminate this option.
D. the survival rate for thyroid cancer is higher than it is for most other cancers
Not relevant to the conclusion. We can eliminate this option.
E. thyroid tumors of all sizes are increasing significantly in number
The only option left! Yes, this option provides us information that tells us thyroid tumors of all sizes are increasing significantly in number, hence the increase is not due to over-testing and finding small tumors that do not lead to complications but due to a 'significant' increase in the numbers of tumors of other sizes as well. The information strengthens the journalist's conclusion that overtesting is not really the culprit for the increase in the number of diagnosed with thyroid cancer.
Option E
