I think the answer is B.
A) the rights of an individual to privacy are considerable but not absolute, and that such rights are particularly weakened when exigent circumstances are present
Rights of an individual - is wrong
B) an individual's right to privacy is considerable but not absolute, and that such a right is particularly weakened when exigent circumstances are present.
This is the right choice : Since privacy is singular and an individual is singluar.. rights cannot be plural.
C) individual's rights to privacy are considerable but not absolute, and that, when exigent conditions are present, they make such rights particularly weaken
particularly weaken is wrong
D) considerable but not absolute rights to privacy are given to an individual, and that exigent circumstances particularly weaken such rights
Again plural mistake
E) the Court considers individual rights as considerable if not absolute, and that such rights are particularly weakened when exigent circumstances are present
This completely changes the meaning and tense.