Official Solution: At a wildlife reserve, two tracking sessions were conducted to study 16 tagged animals. In each session, the animals were randomly grouped into 8 pairs, and in each pair, one animal was observed as dominant and the other as subordinate. Of the animals that were subordinate in the first session, 5 were also subordinate in the second session. How many animals were dominant in both sessions?A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
In each session, 16 animals were placed into 8 pairs, so exactly 8 animals were observed as dominant and 8 as subordinate.
In the second session, 8 animals were subordinate. Of those, 5 had already been subordinate in the first session.
That means the other 3 subordinate animals in the second session must have been dominant in the first session.
So, out of the 8 animals that were dominant in the first session, 3 became subordinate in the second, leaving 8 - 3 = 5 animals that were dominant in both sessions.
Answer: D