Last visit was: 20 Nov 2025, 04:55 It is currently 20 Nov 2025, 04:55
Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel
User avatar
hemanthp
Joined: 31 Jul 2010
Last visit: 19 Jul 2016
Posts: 150
Own Kudos:
1,363
 [38]
Given Kudos: 104
Status:Keep fighting!
Affiliations: IIT Madras
WE 1: 2+ years - Programming
WE 2: 3+ years - Product developement,
WE 3: 2+ years - Program management
Posts: 150
Kudos: 1,363
 [38]
14
Kudos
Add Kudos
24
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Most Helpful Reply
User avatar
whiplash2411
Joined: 09 Jun 2010
Last visit: 02 Mar 2015
Posts: 1,761
Own Kudos:
3,578
 [5]
Given Kudos: 210
Status:Three Down.
Concentration: General Management, Nonprofit
Posts: 1,761
Kudos: 3,578
 [5]
5
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
General Discussion
User avatar
hemanthp
Joined: 31 Jul 2010
Last visit: 19 Jul 2016
Posts: 150
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 104
Status:Keep fighting!
Affiliations: IIT Madras
WE 1: 2+ years - Programming
WE 2: 3+ years - Product developement,
WE 3: 2+ years - Program management
Posts: 150
Kudos: 1,363
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
User avatar
whiplash2411
Joined: 09 Jun 2010
Last visit: 02 Mar 2015
Posts: 1,761
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 210
Status:Three Down.
Concentration: General Management, Nonprofit
Posts: 1,761
Kudos: 3,578
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Haha, like I mentioned the quality of your posts matter. I understand you'd like to get kudos, but do understand that not every user might feel inclined to do that extra second of work. Having a bold signature is enough; we just don't want users posting threads simply for the sake of getting kudos :)
User avatar
ezhilkumarank
Joined: 24 Jun 2010
Last visit: 08 May 2014
Posts: 271
Own Kudos:
748
 [1]
Given Kudos: 50
Status:Time to step up the tempo
Location: Milky way
Concentration: International Business, Marketing
Schools:ISB, Tepper - CMU, Chicago Booth, LSB
Posts: 271
Kudos: 748
 [1]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
hemanthp
Many New Yorkers falsely believe that extreme temperatures in winter will be followed by extreme temperatures in the following summer. The three New York winters with the lowest average temperature were followed by summers in which the average temperature was extremely high, yet the two hottest New York winters were also followed by summers whose average temperatures were extremely high.

Which of the following describes the greatest flaw in the author's reasoning?

-New York winters and summers are not necessarily representative of winters and summers in other locations.
-The author appeals to a previous argument that contains circular reasoning.
-The evidence presented is insufficient to decide the matter with full certainty.
-A causal relationship is being assumed without being proven.
-The evidence presented supports the claim it is intended to refute.

Don't forget KUDOS if you like the question. This is from KAPLAN CAT.

Vote for option E. I thought the key in the stimulus was the words 'falsely' and 'yet'.
Falsely would mean that the author intends to refute a claim. And yet meant a change in direction. Also 'yet' is present after a fact which intended to support the claim.
User avatar
arundas
Joined: 25 Jul 2010
Last visit: 21 Aug 2012
Posts: 99
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 15
Status:ISB, Hyderabad
Concentration: Strategy
WE 1: 4 years Software Product Development
WE 2: 3 years ERP Consulting
Posts: 99
Kudos: 105
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
I went for C as I assumed that extreme temperature in Winters only implied very low temperatures. But based on the explanation and OA I assume that very hot winters also means extreme temperature in Winters.
User avatar
GyanOne
Joined: 24 Jul 2011
Last visit: 16 Nov 2025
Posts: 3,222
Own Kudos:
1,691
 [2]
Given Kudos: 33
Status: World Rank #4 MBA Admissions Consultant
Expert
Expert reply
Posts: 3,222
Kudos: 1,691
 [2]
1
Kudos
Add Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
(E) it is.

(A): There is no relation drawn in the question between New York and other locations. Incorrect.
(B): There is no previous argument here. Incorrect.
(C): This is true (just five data points do not constitute conclusive evidence), but it does not present a fatal flaw in the author's reasoning. Incorrect.
(D): There is no causal relationship being assumed, just correlations. Incorrect.
(E): CORRECT. The coldest winters were followed by the hottest summers, and the hottest winters were also followed by the hottest summers. In all cases, extreme temperatures in winter were followed by extreme temperatures in summer. The author ends up supporting the claim he/she wants to refute.

The catch in option (E) is to realize that extreme temperature in winters need not mean extreme cold - it could also mean unnaturally hot weather in winter, uncharacteristic of the season, and so considered extreme.
User avatar
DharLog
Joined: 26 Jun 2017
Last visit: 04 Mar 2019
Posts: 314
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 334
Location: Russian Federation
Concentration: General Management, Strategy
WE:Information Technology (Other)
Posts: 314
Kudos: 342
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
hemanthp
Many New Yorkers falsely believe that extreme temperatures in winter will be followed by extreme temperatures in the following summer. The three New York winters with the lowest average temperature were followed by summers in which the average temperature was extremely high, yet the two hottest New York winters were also followed by summers whose average temperatures were extremely high.

Which of the following describes the greatest flaw in the author's reasoning?

-New York winters and summers are not necessarily representative of winters and summers in other locations.
-The author appeals to a previous argument that contains circular reasoning.
-The evidence presented is insufficient to decide the matter with full certainty.
-A causal relationship is being assumed without being proven.
-The evidence presented supports the claim it is intended to refute.


A. It is true in global. But we are speaking about summers and winters in NY. And more - the location is not important. Out.
B. There is only 1 argument and a complex evidence. The author does not appeal to an argument. Out.
C. Sure, it is true. But only one counter example is enough for us. So out.
D. Again, one counter example is enough. Out.

E. Yes. This is it. If to be on 100% fair. The evidence consists of 2 parts:

1. The three New York winters with the lowest average temperature were followed by summers in which the average temperature was extremely high,
2. yet the two hottest New York winters were also followed by summers whose average temperatures were extremely high
The first one refutes the argument, the second one supports it.
But it is enough for us to be a right option.
User avatar
arushi118
Joined: 21 Jul 2024
Last visit: 19 Nov 2025
Posts: 49
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 404
Products:
Posts: 49
Kudos: 9
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
KarishmaB Can you please help with this question.
User avatar
KarishmaB
Joined: 16 Oct 2010
Last visit: 19 Nov 2025
Posts: 16,267
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 482
Location: Pune, India
Expert
Expert reply
Active GMAT Club Expert! Tag them with @ followed by their username for a faster response.
Posts: 16,267
Kudos: 77,002
Kudos
Add Kudos
Bookmarks
Bookmark this Post
Can't say. The problem in the argument is that the author assumes that the sufficient condition people believe (very cold winters will lead to very hot summers) is actually a necessary condition (based on the data he gives to try to refute it). He says mild winters were also followed by very hot summers. That doesn't refute people's belief. Other things could also lead to very hot summers.

No option indicates this problem. In a generic sense, (C) works and if we look at the first part of the evidence given by the author (three New York winters with the lowest average temperature were followed by summers in which the average temperature was extremely high) it does support people's belief. But the second part doesn't. So can't say anything about (E) either.

Not a solid GMAT question.


arushi118
KarishmaB Can you please help with this question.
Moderators:
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
7443 posts
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
231 posts
189 posts