Bunuel
Many physicians cater to their patients’ insistence that they be given antibiotics for a common cold. However, these illnesses are viral in nature, and such medications have no effect on viruses.
This course of treatment is troublesome, as antibiotics have dangerous side effects and unnecessary use of these drugs can lead to resistant bacteria. So clearly doctors need to stop prescribing antibiotics to treat the common cold.
Which of the following best describes the role of the two boldfaced portions above?
A. The first is a phenomenon that the argument addresses; the second is evidence used by the author to support his position.
B. The first is a phenomenon that the argument addresses; the second is the author’s primary conclusion.
C. The first is evidence used by the author to support his conclusion; the second is that conclusion.
D. The first is a circumstance that the author tries to explain; the second is that explanation.
E. The first is a circumstance that the author tries to explain; the second is the author’s primary conclusion.
VERITAS PREP OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:
In any boldface critical reasoning problem, you need to carefully map out all elements of the argument. Remember that everything in a CR stimulus is a conclusion, a premise, or context. First find the conclusion, which is quite clearly the last sentence: “So clearly doctors need to stop prescribing antibiotics to treat the common cold.” To be sure, ask “why” and then map out the premises supporting this opinion. Why? Because 1. these illnesses are viral in nature, and such medications have no effect on viruses and 2. This course of treatment is troublesome, as antibiotics have dangerous side effects and unnecessary use of these drugs can lead to resistant bacteria. So it should be quite clear that the second boldfaced portion is a premise supporting the author’s conclusion. Since it is easier, start with that portion in the answer choices. (B), (C), and (E) all refer to this premise as a conclusion so they can be confidently eliminated. For the first boldfaced portion, this part is indeed “a phenomenon that the argument addresses” so (A) is correct. For (D), while this portion might be “a circumstance” it is not at all what the author is trying to explain. The author is rather trying to show that this is a bad idea and must be stopped – he is not explaining why doctors do this! Therefore, both portions of (D) are improperly described and this can be eliminated.
Correct answer is (A).