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07 Jul 2026, 08:52
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Difficulty:
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Question Stats:
60% (02:12) correct
40%
(02:14)
wrong
based on 321
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Medical researcher: A new screening test detects certain polyps at such an early stage that it is generally unclear whether the polyps are malignant. But the risk that a polyp might be malignant leads doctors, in most cases, to have such polyps surgically removed, which is a dangerous process. Yet some of those polyps turn out not to be malignant. Thus, the new screening test can prompt dangerous operations that actually are not medically necessary.
Which one of the following is an assumption that the medical researcher's argument requires?
(A) A surgical operation that is dangerous is ethically justified only for treating a medical condition that is more dangerous.
(B) Surgical removal of nonmalignant polyps detected by the new screening test is not always medically necessary.
(C) If the new screening test encourages medically unnecessary operations, then probably it either should not be used or its use should be modified.
(D) A polyp detected by the new screening test should be surgically removed if it is malignant.
(E) The screening test is medically useful only when it detects a polyp that requires treatment.
Which one of the following is an assumption that the medical researcher's argument requires?
(A) A surgical operation that is dangerous is ethically justified only for treating a medical condition that is more dangerous.
(B) Surgical removal of nonmalignant polyps detected by the new screening test is not always medically necessary.
(C) If the new screening test encourages medically unnecessary operations, then probably it either should not be used or its use should be modified.
(D) A polyp detected by the new screening test should be surgically removed if it is malignant.
(E) The screening test is medically useful only when it detects a polyp that requires treatment.
07 Jul 2026, 13:00
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Medical researcher: A new screening test detects certain polyps at such an early stage that it is generally unclear whether the polyps are malignant. But the risk that a polyp might be malignant leads doctors, in most cases, to have such polyps surgically removed, which is a dangerous process. Yet some of those polyps turn out not to be malignant. Thus, the new screening test can prompt dangerous operations that actually are not medically necessary.
Which one of the following is an assumption that the medical researcher's argument requires?
The researcher says the test can lead to dangerous surgeries, and some removed polyps turn out not to be malignant. The needed assumption is that at least some of those nonmalignant polyps did not need to be surgically removed. Otherwise, the operations could still be medically necessary even though the polyps were not malignant.
(A) A surgical operation that is dangerous is ethically justified only for treating a medical condition that is more dangerous.
This is not required. The argument is about whether some operations are medically necessary, not about when dangerous operations are ethically justified.
(B) Surgical removal of nonmalignant polyps detected by the new screening test is not always medically necessary.
This is correct. If surgical removal of nonmalignant polyps is not always medically necessary, then the test can indeed prompt dangerous operations that are unnecessary.
(C) If the new screening test encourages medically unnecessary operations, then probably it either should not be used or its use should be modified.
This is not required. The researcher does not conclude what should be done about the test. The conclusion is only that the test can prompt unnecessary operations.
(D) A polyp detected by the new screening test should be surgically removed if it is malignant.
This is not required. The argument concerns polyps that turn out not to be malignant, not what should happen when a polyp is malignant.
(E) The screening test is medically useful only when it detects a polyp that requires treatment.
This is too strong and not required. The test could still be useful in other ways. The argument only needs the idea that some surgeries prompted by the test are unnecessary.
Answer: (B)
Which one of the following is an assumption that the medical researcher's argument requires?
The researcher says the test can lead to dangerous surgeries, and some removed polyps turn out not to be malignant. The needed assumption is that at least some of those nonmalignant polyps did not need to be surgically removed. Otherwise, the operations could still be medically necessary even though the polyps were not malignant.
(A) A surgical operation that is dangerous is ethically justified only for treating a medical condition that is more dangerous.
This is not required. The argument is about whether some operations are medically necessary, not about when dangerous operations are ethically justified.
(B) Surgical removal of nonmalignant polyps detected by the new screening test is not always medically necessary.
This is correct. If surgical removal of nonmalignant polyps is not always medically necessary, then the test can indeed prompt dangerous operations that are unnecessary.
(C) If the new screening test encourages medically unnecessary operations, then probably it either should not be used or its use should be modified.
This is not required. The researcher does not conclude what should be done about the test. The conclusion is only that the test can prompt unnecessary operations.
(D) A polyp detected by the new screening test should be surgically removed if it is malignant.
This is not required. The argument concerns polyps that turn out not to be malignant, not what should happen when a polyp is malignant.
(E) The screening test is medically useful only when it detects a polyp that requires treatment.
This is too strong and not required. The test could still be useful in other ways. The argument only needs the idea that some surgeries prompted by the test are unnecessary.
Answer: (B)
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