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14 Jul 2026, 00:56
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C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
70% (01:47) correct
30%
(02:09)
wrong
based on 341
sessions
History
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Newspaper article: Recently discovered clay tablets from southern Egypt date to between 3300 and 3200 B.C. Though most of the tablets translated thus far are tax records, one of them appears to contain literary writing. Hence, these tablets challenge the widely held belief among historians that the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia was the first to create literature.
The argument in the newspaper article requires the assumption that
(A) most of the recently discovered tablets that have not yet been translated contain literary writing
(B) every civilization that has kept tax records has also kept other written records
(C) historians generally believe that the Sumerians did not create literature earlier than 3300 B.C.
(D) some historians are skeptical about the authenticity of the recently discovered tablets
(E) the Sumerian civilization arose sometime between 3300 and 3200 B.C.
The argument in the newspaper article requires the assumption that
(A) most of the recently discovered tablets that have not yet been translated contain literary writing
(B) every civilization that has kept tax records has also kept other written records
(C) historians generally believe that the Sumerians did not create literature earlier than 3300 B.C.
(D) some historians are skeptical about the authenticity of the recently discovered tablets
(E) the Sumerian civilization arose sometime between 3300 and 3200 B.C.
14 Jul 2026, 03:56
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Conclusion:
These Egyptian tablets challenge the belief that the Sumerians were the first to create literature.
Evidence:
Egyptian tablets date to 3300–3200 B.C.
One tablet contains literary writing.
For this to challenge the belief, the Egyptian literature must be at least as early as the literature historians attribute to the Sumerians.
Evaluate the choices
(A) No. One literary tablet is enough; most need not be literary.
(B) Irrelevant. We already have one literary tablet.
(C) Required. If historians believed the Sumerians created literature before 3300 B.C., then an Egyptian literary tablet from 3300–3200 B.C. would not challenge that belief. Thus, the argument assumes the accepted Sumerian date is not earlier than 3300 B.C.
(D) Skepticism by some historians is irrelevant.
(E) The date the Sumerian civilization arose is irrelevant; what matters is when it first created literature.
Answer: C
These Egyptian tablets challenge the belief that the Sumerians were the first to create literature.
Evidence:
Egyptian tablets date to 3300–3200 B.C.
One tablet contains literary writing.
For this to challenge the belief, the Egyptian literature must be at least as early as the literature historians attribute to the Sumerians.
Evaluate the choices
(A) No. One literary tablet is enough; most need not be literary.
(B) Irrelevant. We already have one literary tablet.
(C) Required. If historians believed the Sumerians created literature before 3300 B.C., then an Egyptian literary tablet from 3300–3200 B.C. would not challenge that belief. Thus, the argument assumes the accepted Sumerian date is not earlier than 3300 B.C.
(D) Skepticism by some historians is irrelevant.
(E) The date the Sumerian civilization arose is irrelevant; what matters is when it first created literature.
Answer: C
14 Jul 2026, 14:45
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Newspaper article: Recently discovered clay tablets from southern Egypt date to between 3300 and 3200 B.C. Though most of the tablets translated thus far are tax records, one of them appears to contain literary writing. Hence, these tablets challenge the widely held belief among historians that the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia was the first to create literature.
The argument in the newspaper article requires the assumption that
The article says Egyptian tablets from 3300–3200 B.C. challenge the belief that Sumerians created literature first. The key assumption is that historians do not already believe Sumerian literature existed before 3300 B.C. If they did, the Egyptian tablets would be too late to challenge Sumerian priority.
(A) most of the recently discovered tablets that have not yet been translated contain literary writing
This is not required. The argument uses one tablet that appears to contain literary writing. It does not need most untranslated tablets to contain literary writing.
(B) every civilization that has kept tax records has also kept other written records
This is not required. The argument is not based on a general rule about tax records. It is based on one tablet that appears to contain literary writing.
(C) historians generally believe that the Sumerians did not create literature earlier than 3300 B.C.
This is correct. If historians believed Sumerians created literature before 3300 B.C., then Egyptian literary writing from 3300–3200 B.C. would not challenge the claim that Sumerians were first.
(D) some historians are skeptical about the authenticity of the recently discovered tablets
This is not required. Skepticism about the tablets would weaken the argument, not support it.
(E) the Sumerian civilization arose sometime between 3300 and 3200 B.C.
This is not required. The date when Sumerian civilization began is not the same as the date when Sumerians created literature. A civilization can exist before it creates literature.
Answer: (C)
The argument in the newspaper article requires the assumption that
The article says Egyptian tablets from 3300–3200 B.C. challenge the belief that Sumerians created literature first. The key assumption is that historians do not already believe Sumerian literature existed before 3300 B.C. If they did, the Egyptian tablets would be too late to challenge Sumerian priority.
(A) most of the recently discovered tablets that have not yet been translated contain literary writing
This is not required. The argument uses one tablet that appears to contain literary writing. It does not need most untranslated tablets to contain literary writing.
(B) every civilization that has kept tax records has also kept other written records
This is not required. The argument is not based on a general rule about tax records. It is based on one tablet that appears to contain literary writing.
(C) historians generally believe that the Sumerians did not create literature earlier than 3300 B.C.
This is correct. If historians believed Sumerians created literature before 3300 B.C., then Egyptian literary writing from 3300–3200 B.C. would not challenge the claim that Sumerians were first.
(D) some historians are skeptical about the authenticity of the recently discovered tablets
This is not required. Skepticism about the tablets would weaken the argument, not support it.
(E) the Sumerian civilization arose sometime between 3300 and 3200 B.C.
This is not required. The date when Sumerian civilization began is not the same as the date when Sumerians created literature. A civilization can exist before it creates literature.
Answer: (C)
