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I'm never sure if a verb-ing or verb-ed is a participle or a working verb, specifically when it is in a comma-clause structure.
I don't know if I'm overthinking this, but take the following question as an example:
Question: Due to the slow-moving nature of tectonic plate movement, the oldest ocean crust is thought to date from the Jurassic period, formed from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and lasted 200 million years.
(A) formed from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and lasted 200 million years.
(B) forming from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and lasting 200 million years.
(C) forming from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and lasted 200 million years.
(D) formed from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and lasting 200 million years.
(E) formed from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and has been lasting 200 million years.
Here I am looking at this question thinking: "Is it because the oldest ocean crust is thought to date from the Jurassic period THAT it is formed? No. So it must be a regular working verb."
Then I think "what is formed from huge fragments of the Earth's lithosphere"? The ocean crust. Cool -> confirms my hypothesis that this is a regular working verb. So this must be a list.
I then setup a list structure: the [...] ocean crust is {x}, {y}, and {x} --> cool, no commas available so it must not be a list then. Welp, may as well be a participle and I made a mistake!
--> back to parallelism
Eliminate: E. participle + verb tense Eliminate: B, C. -ing for past action
Left with A and D --> D is correct ans bc -ing participle is correct choice bc crust still exists today. (I did pick A at first..)
Does anyone have any good logic-based workflows to help reason through participle mods in general? Whether it's parallelism, or just breaking down a full sentence, I seriously struggle.
Still interested in this question? Check out the "Best Topics" block below for a better discussion on this exact question, as well as several more related questions.
I'm never sure if a verb-ing or verb-ed is a participle or a working verb, specifically when it is in a comma-clause structure.
I don't know if I'm overthinking this, but take the following question as an example:
Question: Due to the slow-moving nature of tectonic plate movement, the oldest ocean crust is thought to date from the Jurassic period, formed from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and lasted 200 million years.
(A) formed from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and lasted 200 million years.
(B) forming from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and lasting 200 million years.
(C) forming from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and lasted 200 million years.
(D) formed from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and lasting 200 million years.
(E) formed from huge fragments of the Earth’s lithosphere and has been lasting 200 million years.
Here I am looking at this question thinking: "Is it because the oldest ocean crust is thought to date from the Jurassic period THAT it is formed? No. So it must be a regular working verb."
Then I think "what is formed from huge fragments of the Earth's lithosphere"? The ocean crust. Cool -> confirms my hypothesis that this is a regular working verb. So this must be a list.
I then setup a list structure: the [...] ocean crust is {x}, {y}, and {x} --> cool, no commas available so it must not be a list then. Welp, may as well be a participle and I made a mistake!
--> back to parallelism
Eliminate: E. participle + verb tense Eliminate: B, C. -ing for past action
Left with A and D --> D is correct ans bc -ing participle is correct choice bc crust still exists today. (I did pick A at first..)
Does anyone have any good logic-based workflows to help reason through participle mods in general? Whether it's parallelism, or just breaking down a full sentence, I seriously struggle.
Still interested in this question? Check out the "Best Topics" block above for a better discussion on this exact question, as well as several more related questions.