Here Ospreys are being compared to most birds of preys. The correct way of comparison is by either using the phrase "Like most birds of preys, Ospreys...."(Like followed by noun) or "As most birds of prey do , Ospreys " because while using "as" for comparison it must be followed by a clause not a noun phrase.
Ospreys, as most birds of prey, hunt for their prey while in flight, although it is uncertain whether the height that they hover at differs according to species.
(A) Ospreys,
as most birds of prey, hunt for their prey while in flight although it is uncertain whether the height that they hover at differs according to species -
As must be followed by a clause to represent comparison(B) Ospreys hunt for their prey while in flight, as most birds of prey do, although it is uncertain
if the height that they hover at differs according to species -
Comparison error has been rectified but a new error has been introduced in the form of "If" which must only be used in case of conditionals(C) As most birds of prey do, Ospreys hunt for their prey while in flight although it is uncertain whether the height that they hover at differs according to species -
Correct answer(D)
As most birds of prey, Ospreys hunt for their prey while in flight although it is uncertain whether the height that they hover at differs according to species -
Repeats the error in Option A(E) As most birds of prey do, Ospreys hunt for their prey while in flight although it is uncertain
whether the height that they hover at differs according to species
or not -
"Whether or not" is unidiomatic