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ricokevin
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Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.

A. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.

B. Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.

C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.

D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.

E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.

OA seems weird to me... :(



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syamee_u
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ricokevin
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.

A. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.

B. Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.

C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.

D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.

E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.

OA seems weird to me... :(
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C, E - avoid being - wordy
D - no relation between first and second line
A - as a result of ... and because doesn't match .. style not good
B - my choice.
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A is wordy (over the course of the eighteenth century, As a result of etc..)

B - tripling in the average is awkward... overall wordiness.

Going with C.

D - the two IC's are not separated by a comma and coordinating conjunciton.

E - incorrect..
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I think its B.
"With charcoal's being replaced" looks awkward in C.
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I have to pick A here.

B----->a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the . "tripling" is wrong usage and also sentence is passive.
C & E----> "being" makes the sentence awkward. Also, E has a modifier problem.
D-------> The cause and effect is missing in the sentence. It's more like a runon sentence.

P.S: I have to agree that I am not completely convinced with A. I would have preferred an "also" after the "and".
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ricokevin
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.

A. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.

B. Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.

C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.

D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.

E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.

OA seems weird to me... :(
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Honestly these kinds of questions are purely deadly ... I know that C doesn't look good. However it did seem to be the most succinctly worded choice.

A simply seemed wordier to me and that's why I didn't choose it.

I did a search on GMATCLUB and found that this question has been discussed on four occasions in the past and none of those discussions yielded the OA :-)

I hope RICOKEVIN will break the tradition by posting the OA :-)
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A. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
- redundant, inappropriate use of the highlighted terms.

B. Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.
- highlighted word usage is awkward. Also, B incorrectly implies that the replacement of charcoal was the main reason for the increase.

C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
- Even though it seems awkward, I think this is the best choice.

D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
- There is no connector between the observed effect and the probable causes.

E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.
- Incorrect connector between the observed effect and the probable causes.

Anand
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anandsebastin
A. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
- redundant, inappropriate use of the highlighted terms.

B. Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.
- highlighted word usage is awkward. Also, B incorrectly implies that the replacement of charcoal was the main reason for the increase.

C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
- Even though it seems awkward, I think this is the best choice.

D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
- There is no connector between the observed effect and the probable causes.

E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.
- Incorrect connector between the observed effect and the probable causes.

Anand
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Oh..I couldn't agree more brother... Peace to the world! Let the OA be revealed!
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I change my answer to A...Best of the worst...in C 'a tripling seems awkward...Whats the OA??
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(B) for me.

(A) result .... because -> Redundancy
(C) ....tripled over the eighteenth century -> should replace over with during. Meaning's not clear the way over is used here.
(D) Sentece should begin with with.
(E) Passive, incoherent structure.
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dwivedys
ricokevin
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.

A. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.

B. Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.

C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.

D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.

E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.

OA seems weird to me... :(

Honestly these kinds of questions are purely deadly ... I know that C doesn't look good. However it did seem to be the most succinctly worded choice.

A simply seemed wordier to me and that's why I didn't choose it.

I did a search on GMATCLUB and found that this question has been discussed on four occasions in the past and none of those discussions yielded the OA :-)

I hope RICOKEVIN will break the tradition by posting the OA :-)
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Oh yes~~~~! I broke the tradition!!!! :-D
(sorry for "over-reacting" :wink: )

The OA is C. 8-)

Congratz dwivedys and anandsebastin!

I picked A :(
One question: does "charcoal's" with that apostrophe s make sense here?

I see this is a tough one.

"An 800 test taker picks the best answer among given even if it may not be perfect."
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anandsebastin
A. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
- redundant, inappropriate use of the highlighted terms.

B. Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.
- highlighted word usage is awkward. Also, B incorrectly implies that the replacement of charcoal was the main reason for the increase.

C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
- Even though it seems awkward, I think this is the best choice.

D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
- There is no connector between the observed effect and the probable causes.

E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.
- Incorrect connector between the observed effect and the probable causes.

Anand
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ANand, Can you please explain why is "because" incorrect in A?
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Hmmm... now that the OA is out, I am still not convinced with C.
I agree that you have to pick the lesser of the evil choices but "With charcoal’s being " had me reject C. Still not sure if this is the right usage :roll:
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The question is really tough.. i was being confused between B and C.
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Quote:
One question: does "charcoal's" with that apostrophe s make sense here?
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Yes it does. In fact that's standard usage - In most cases Gerunds follow a possessive construct

My being unwell troubled my mother.

They don't appreciate MY SINGING

His being dishonest doesn't affect me.

John's being selected doesn't bother me.

And so on..



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