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17 Nov 2011, 12:50
Kudos
Bookmarks
Have been studying for 4 months -- got a 40 on verbal when I took the GMAT a month ago and still do not know what all "and" or other conjunctions connect! Please help!
Those skeptical of the extent of global warming argue that short-term temperature data are an inadequate means of predicting long-term trends and point out that the scientific community remains divided on whether significant warming will occur and what impact will it have if it does.
A. on whether significant warming will occur and what impact will it have if it does.
B. on whether warming that occurs will be significant and the impact it would have.
C. as to whether significant warming will occur or the impact it would have if it did.
D. over whether there will be significant warming or the impact it will have.
E. over whether significant warming will occur and what impact it would have.
OA=E
over whether significant warming will occur
and
what impact it would have
How far does the “and” reach back – Over whether significant… and [over] what impact it would have, orOver whether significant… and [over whether] what impact it would have
New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.
(A) requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties
(B) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation
(C) requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties
(D) application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties
(E) irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties
OA=E
Once again, how far back does “and” reach –
without the: costly irrigation
and
[costly] application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.
Or
without : the costly irrigation
And
[the costly] application…
Those skeptical of the extent of global warming argue that short-term temperature data are an inadequate means of predicting long-term trends and point out that the scientific community remains divided on whether significant warming will occur and what impact will it have if it does.
A. on whether significant warming will occur and what impact will it have if it does.
B. on whether warming that occurs will be significant and the impact it would have.
C. as to whether significant warming will occur or the impact it would have if it did.
D. over whether there will be significant warming or the impact it will have.
E. over whether significant warming will occur and what impact it would have.
OA=E
over whether significant warming will occur
and
what impact it would have
How far does the “and” reach back – Over whether significant… and [over] what impact it would have, orOver whether significant… and [over whether] what impact it would have
New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.
(A) requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties
(B) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation
(C) requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties
(D) application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties
(E) irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties
OA=E
Once again, how far back does “and” reach –
without the: costly irrigation
and
[costly] application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.
Or
without : the costly irrigation
And
[the costly] application…
20 Nov 2011, 00:38
Kudos
Bookmarks
This can certainly be a tricky issue. The short answer is that you have to use both meaning and structural cues to decide. Here's my take on your two examples:
1) DIVIDED OVER (whether significant warming will occur) AND (what impact it would have).
It can't be divided over WHETHER (x) AND (y), because "whether . . . and" doesn't make sense. "Whether" indicates a choice between options, while "and" puts things together. Here, the implied choice is "whether or not significant warming will occur," but the "or not" is implied. (It's generally left off as redundant on the GMAT). Otherwise, we'd need "or": WHETHER (significant warming will occur) OR (what impact it would have). Notice that this doesn't make sense either--why would we say that the scientific community is divided over one thing OR the other?
(By the way, some of these GMATPrep problems are seriously outdated--since when is the scientific community divided over whether global warming will occur?)
2) To me, the most logical reading is this:
New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly (irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer) that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties.
If this were a stand-alone sentence, you could make a case that costly refers only to irrigation. I'm not sure I'd be convinced, but there wouldn't really be a definitive answer.
New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the ([costly irrigation] and [application of commercial fertilizer]) that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties.
However, since the word "costly" directly precedes either "requirements" or "application" in ALL of the other answer choices, the intended meaning is clearly that both practices are costly.
I hope this helps!
1) DIVIDED OVER (whether significant warming will occur) AND (what impact it would have).
It can't be divided over WHETHER (x) AND (y), because "whether . . . and" doesn't make sense. "Whether" indicates a choice between options, while "and" puts things together. Here, the implied choice is "whether or not significant warming will occur," but the "or not" is implied. (It's generally left off as redundant on the GMAT). Otherwise, we'd need "or": WHETHER (significant warming will occur) OR (what impact it would have). Notice that this doesn't make sense either--why would we say that the scientific community is divided over one thing OR the other?
(By the way, some of these GMATPrep problems are seriously outdated--since when is the scientific community divided over whether global warming will occur?)
2) To me, the most logical reading is this:
New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly (irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer) that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties.
If this were a stand-alone sentence, you could make a case that costly refers only to irrigation. I'm not sure I'd be convinced, but there wouldn't really be a definitive answer.
New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the ([costly irrigation] and [application of commercial fertilizer]) that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties.
However, since the word "costly" directly precedes either "requirements" or "application" in ALL of the other answer choices, the intended meaning is clearly that both practices are costly.
I hope this helps!
23 Nov 2011, 12:26
Kudos
Bookmarks
That does help much. Thank you.
