After long looking on this question I think I understand why this construction is working. If we look on E as a whole we get:
...payment of salary,
money workers are compelled to put away to take care of themselves in...If you look on the part after the comma, you might wonder what is it (as I am). this is not new clause because then we get a run-on sentence in which two clauses (sub+verb) are joined only with a comma.
What we have here is an Absolute Phrase. This is a way to put a modifier after a comma which refers to the whole idea before (like present participle after comma). I saw this immediately when I tried to solve it, but what bothered me is that an absolute phrase will never contain sub+verb but only a noun+noun modifier. It can contain a THAT clause in which you can insert sub+verb of course. That is why I chose B.
But now I understand that we have here a case where there should be a THAT after the word
money, but it been omitted. We can omit a THAT if the modified noun is the object of the modifying clause (from MGMT pg 88) like:
The Movie THAT we watched last Friday was scary
is equal to:
The Movie we watched last Friday was scary
So the underlying real sentence is actually:
...payment of salary,
money THAT workers are compelled to put away to take care of themselves in...Which does work as a regular absolute phrase.
Hope it helps