(A) undermining a view by showing that its general acceptance would lead to undesirable consequences
→ This describes a consequentialist argument, but the political scientist doesn’t say “if you believe this, bad things will happen.” Not the method used.
(B) rebutting an objection by attacking the assumption on which it is said to be based
✅ Correct.
This exactly matches what’s happening:
Critics object to equality, assuming it requires bland uniformity.
The political scientist challenges that assumption, arguing that equality can actually support diversity.
(C) attacking a view by claiming that those who propose it are motivated only by self-interest
→ No reference to the motives of critics. This isn’t an ad hominem attack.
(D) claiming that whatever is true of a group must be true of each of the members of the group
→ This is the fallacy of division, and nothing in the passage reflects that reasoning.
(E) undermining an apparent counterexample to a universal claim
→ The passage doesn’t deal with specific counterexamples. It's addressing a general assumption about equality.