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Does Preposition + Verb Ing Modifier function the same as Verb Ing modifier i.e., both modify preceding or the following noun? (For both cases: Modifier followed by a clause and preceded by clause)?
Can Preposition + Verb Ing modify the complete clause?
Example:
By installing special electric pumps, farmers’ houses could be heated by the warmth from cows’ milk, according to one agricultural engineer.
(A) farmers’ houses could be heated by the warmth from cows’ milk, according to one agricultural engineer
(B) the warmth from cows’ milk could be used by farmers to heat their houses, according to one agricultural engineer
(C) one agricultural engineer reports that farmers could use the warmth from cows’ milk to heat their houses
(D) farmers, according to one agricultural engineer, could use the warmth from cows’ milk to heat their houses
(E) one agricultural engineer reports that farmers’ houses could be heated by the warmth from cows’ milk
Thank you.
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I would say yes, though in this example, it's best to think about the 'by installing' modifier as describing the noun that comes after the comma, as this is an opening modifier. So who should install the pumps? The farmers themselves.
I can think of several Preposition ---ing modifiers for opening modifiers.
But it's hard for me to think of a preposition --ing modifier that comes after a comma.
A Preposition+VERBing modifier at the start of the sentence is no different from a VERBing modifier at the start of the sentence. The preposition makes the meaning clearer, as in your example phoenix2194.
I can't think of or devise a sentence with a Preposition+VERBing modifier at the end of the sentence.
But we could easily have the combination in the middle of a sentence, touching the noun that's modified. For example, "Farmers, by installing special electric pumps, could use the warmth from cows’ milk to heat their houses."
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