Pulford: Scientists who study the remains of ancient historical figures to learn about their health history need to first ask themselves if their investigation is a legitimate scientific inquiry or is motivated by mere curiosity. An investigation into a private matter such as health history is justified only if it is done for the advancement of scientific knowledge.
Varela: You forget that curiosity is the root of scientific inquiry. Many great scientific discoveries were motivated by curiosity alone.Varela responds to Pulford's argument byPulford treats
legitimate scientific inquiry and mere curiosity as separate motivations. Varela challenges that separation by arguing that
curiosity itself can motivate genuine scientific inquiry.
(A) contending that Pulford's argument rests on an untenable distinction
Correct. Varela argues that curiosity and legitimate scientific inquiry are not necessarily opposed, because curiosity can be the source of important scientific discoveries.
(B) disputing the validity of a principle that Pulford explicitly states
Incorrect. Varela does not directly challenge Pulford's stated principle that private investigation must advance scientific knowledge.
(C) offering a counterexample to a generalization in Pulford's conclusion
Incorrect. Varela gives a general observation about scientific discoveries, not a specific counterexample to Pulford's conclusion.
(D) attempting to draw a distinction between two views that Pulford treats as a single view
Incorrect. The opposite occurs. Pulford draws a distinction, and Varela challenges it.
(E) maintaining that Pulford's argument is based on inconsistent premises
Incorrect. Varela does not claim that Pulford's premises contradict one another.
Answer: (A)