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I am posting 2 Passages in a single thread
OAs after 4-5 responses
dont worry. To get going I am posting non-LSAT for now
All Passages are GMAT-centric
=============
Source: GRE
====
Geologists Harris and Gass hypothesized that the Red Sea rift developed along the line of a suture (a splice in the Earth’s crust) formed during the late Proterozoic era, and that significant observable differences in the composition of the upper layers of rocks deposited on either side of the suture give clues to the different natures of the underlying igneous rocks.
Other geologists argued that neither the upper rock layer nor the underlying igneous rocks on the one side of the rift differ fundamentally from the corresponding layers on the other side. These geologists believe, therefore, that there is inadequate evidence to conclude that a suture underlies the rift.
In response, Harris and Gass asserted that the upper rock layers on the two sides of the rift had not been shown to be of similar age, structure, or geochemical content. Furthermore, they cited new evidence that the underlying igneous rocks on either side of the rift contain significantly different kinds of rare metals.
17. Part of the Harris and Gass hypothesis about the Red Sea rift would be weakened if it could be demonstrated that the composition of upper rock layers
(A) cannot cause a suture to develop
(B) has no effect on where a suture will occur
(C) cannot provide information about the nature of underlying rocks
(D) is similar on the two sides of a rift unless a suture divides the two sides
(E) is usually different from the composition of underlying rocks
18. It can be inferred from the passage that the “Other geologists” (line 8) would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?
(A) Similar geological features along both sides of a possible suture imply the existence of that suture.
(B) Sutures can be discovered only where they are not obscured by superimposed geological features.
(C) The composition of igneous rocks permits prediction of the likelihood of a rift developing through them.
(D) It is possible to date igneous rocks by carefully studying the different kinds of rare metals contained in them and by observing their similarity to the layer of rock that lies above them.
(E) The existence of rock layers on one side of a rift that are similar in composition to rock layers on the other side suggests that no suture exists between the two sides.
19. It can be inferred from the passage that Harris and Gass have done which of the following?
(A) Drawn detailed diagrams of the Red Sea rift.
(B) Based their conclusions on the way in which sutures develop in the Earth’s crust.
(C) Rejected other geologists objections to their hypothesis about the Red Sea rift.
(D) Suggested that the presence of rare metals in rocks indicates an underlying suture.
(E) Asserted that rifts usually occur along the lines of sutures.
20. According to the passage, Harris and Gass have mentioned all of the following properties of rocks along the Red Sea rift EXCEPT:
(A) age of the upper layers of rock
(B) structure of the upper layers of rocks
(C) geochemical content of the upper layers of rocks
(D) metallic content of the underlying igneous rocks
(E) age of the underlying igneous rocks
=====================
Analysis of prehistoric air trapped in tiny bubbles beneath the polar ice sheets and of the composition of ice surrounding those bubbles suggests a correlation between carbon dioxide levels in the Earth’s atmosphere and global temperature over the last 160,000 years. Estimates of global temperature at the time air in the bubbles was trapped rely on measuring the relative abundances of hydrogen and its heavier isotope, deuterium, in the ice surrounding the bubbles. When global temperatures are relatively low, water containing deuterium tends to condense and precipitate before reaching the poles; thus, ice deposited at the poles when the global temperature was cooler contained relatively less deuterium than ice deposited at warmer global temperatures. Estimates of global temperature based on this information, combined with analysis of the carbon dioxide content of air trapped in ice deep beneath the polar surface, suggest that during periods of postglacial warming carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere increased by approximately 40 percent.
24. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with doing which of the following?
(A) Describing a new method of estimating decreases in global temperature that have occurred over the last 160,000 years
(B) Describing a method of analysis that provides information regarding the relation between the carbon dioxide content of the Earth’s atmosphere and global temperature
(C) Presenting information that suggests that global temperature has increased over the last 160,000 years
(D) Describing the kinds of information that can be gleaned from a careful analysis of the contents of sheets
(E) Demonstrating the difficulty of arriving at a firm conclusion regarding how increases in the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere affect global temperature
25. It can be inferred from the passage that during periods of postglacial warming, which of the following occurred?
(A) The total volume of air trapped in bubbles beneath the polar ice sheets increased.
(B) The amount of deuterium in ice deposited at the poles increased.
(C) Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth atmosphere decreased.
(D) The amount of hydrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere decreased relatively the amount of deuterium.
(E) The rate at which ice was deposited at the poles increased.
26. The author states that there is evidence to support which of the following assertions?
(A) Estimates of global temperature that rely on measurements of deuterium in ice deposited at the poles are more reliable than those based on the amount of carbon dioxide contained in air bubbles beneath the polar surface.
(B) The amount of deuterium in the Earth’s atmosphere tends to increase as global temperature decreases.
(C) Periods of postglacial warming are characterized by the presence of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere.
(D) Increases in global temperature over the last 160,000 years are largely the result of increases in the ratio of deuterium to hydrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere.
(E) Increases in global temperature over the last 160,000 years have been accompanied by decreases in the amount of deuterium in the ice deposited at the poles.
27. It can be inferred from the passage that the conclusion stated in the last sentence would need to be reevaluated if scientists discovered that which of the following were true?
(A) The amount of deuterium in ice deposited on the polar surface is significantly greater than the amount of deuterium in ice located deep beneath the polar surface.
(B) Both the air bubbles trapped deep beneath the polar surface and the ice surrounding them contain relatively low levels of deuterium.
(C) Air bubbles trapped deep beneath the polar surface and containing relatively high levels of carbon dioxide are surrounded by ice that contained relatively low levels of deuterium.
(D) The current level of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere exceeds the level of carbon dioxide in the prehistoric air trapped beneath the polar surface.
(E) Increases in the level of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere are accompanied by increases in the amount of deuterium in the ice deposited at the poles.
=================
I am posting 2 Passages in a single thread
OAs after 4-5 responses
dont worry. To get going I am posting non-LSAT for now
All Passages are GMAT-centric
=============
Source: GRE
====
Geologists Harris and Gass hypothesized that the Red Sea rift developed along the line of a suture (a splice in the Earth’s crust) formed during the late Proterozoic era, and that significant observable differences in the composition of the upper layers of rocks deposited on either side of the suture give clues to the different natures of the underlying igneous rocks.
Other geologists argued that neither the upper rock layer nor the underlying igneous rocks on the one side of the rift differ fundamentally from the corresponding layers on the other side. These geologists believe, therefore, that there is inadequate evidence to conclude that a suture underlies the rift.
In response, Harris and Gass asserted that the upper rock layers on the two sides of the rift had not been shown to be of similar age, structure, or geochemical content. Furthermore, they cited new evidence that the underlying igneous rocks on either side of the rift contain significantly different kinds of rare metals.
17. Part of the Harris and Gass hypothesis about the Red Sea rift would be weakened if it could be demonstrated that the composition of upper rock layers
(A) cannot cause a suture to develop
(B) has no effect on where a suture will occur
(C) cannot provide information about the nature of underlying rocks
(D) is similar on the two sides of a rift unless a suture divides the two sides
(E) is usually different from the composition of underlying rocks
18. It can be inferred from the passage that the “Other geologists” (line 8) would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?
(A) Similar geological features along both sides of a possible suture imply the existence of that suture.
(B) Sutures can be discovered only where they are not obscured by superimposed geological features.
(C) The composition of igneous rocks permits prediction of the likelihood of a rift developing through them.
(D) It is possible to date igneous rocks by carefully studying the different kinds of rare metals contained in them and by observing their similarity to the layer of rock that lies above them.
(E) The existence of rock layers on one side of a rift that are similar in composition to rock layers on the other side suggests that no suture exists between the two sides.
19. It can be inferred from the passage that Harris and Gass have done which of the following?
(A) Drawn detailed diagrams of the Red Sea rift.
(B) Based their conclusions on the way in which sutures develop in the Earth’s crust.
(C) Rejected other geologists objections to their hypothesis about the Red Sea rift.
(D) Suggested that the presence of rare metals in rocks indicates an underlying suture.
(E) Asserted that rifts usually occur along the lines of sutures.
20. According to the passage, Harris and Gass have mentioned all of the following properties of rocks along the Red Sea rift EXCEPT:
(A) age of the upper layers of rock
(B) structure of the upper layers of rocks
(C) geochemical content of the upper layers of rocks
(D) metallic content of the underlying igneous rocks
(E) age of the underlying igneous rocks
=====================
Analysis of prehistoric air trapped in tiny bubbles beneath the polar ice sheets and of the composition of ice surrounding those bubbles suggests a correlation between carbon dioxide levels in the Earth’s atmosphere and global temperature over the last 160,000 years. Estimates of global temperature at the time air in the bubbles was trapped rely on measuring the relative abundances of hydrogen and its heavier isotope, deuterium, in the ice surrounding the bubbles. When global temperatures are relatively low, water containing deuterium tends to condense and precipitate before reaching the poles; thus, ice deposited at the poles when the global temperature was cooler contained relatively less deuterium than ice deposited at warmer global temperatures. Estimates of global temperature based on this information, combined with analysis of the carbon dioxide content of air trapped in ice deep beneath the polar surface, suggest that during periods of postglacial warming carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere increased by approximately 40 percent.
24. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with doing which of the following?
(A) Describing a new method of estimating decreases in global temperature that have occurred over the last 160,000 years
(B) Describing a method of analysis that provides information regarding the relation between the carbon dioxide content of the Earth’s atmosphere and global temperature
(C) Presenting information that suggests that global temperature has increased over the last 160,000 years
(D) Describing the kinds of information that can be gleaned from a careful analysis of the contents of sheets
(E) Demonstrating the difficulty of arriving at a firm conclusion regarding how increases in the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere affect global temperature
25. It can be inferred from the passage that during periods of postglacial warming, which of the following occurred?
(A) The total volume of air trapped in bubbles beneath the polar ice sheets increased.
(B) The amount of deuterium in ice deposited at the poles increased.
(C) Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth atmosphere decreased.
(D) The amount of hydrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere decreased relatively the amount of deuterium.
(E) The rate at which ice was deposited at the poles increased.
26. The author states that there is evidence to support which of the following assertions?
(A) Estimates of global temperature that rely on measurements of deuterium in ice deposited at the poles are more reliable than those based on the amount of carbon dioxide contained in air bubbles beneath the polar surface.
(B) The amount of deuterium in the Earth’s atmosphere tends to increase as global temperature decreases.
(C) Periods of postglacial warming are characterized by the presence of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere.
(D) Increases in global temperature over the last 160,000 years are largely the result of increases in the ratio of deuterium to hydrogen in the Earth’s atmosphere.
(E) Increases in global temperature over the last 160,000 years have been accompanied by decreases in the amount of deuterium in the ice deposited at the poles.
27. It can be inferred from the passage that the conclusion stated in the last sentence would need to be reevaluated if scientists discovered that which of the following were true?
(A) The amount of deuterium in ice deposited on the polar surface is significantly greater than the amount of deuterium in ice located deep beneath the polar surface.
(B) Both the air bubbles trapped deep beneath the polar surface and the ice surrounding them contain relatively low levels of deuterium.
(C) Air bubbles trapped deep beneath the polar surface and containing relatively high levels of carbon dioxide are surrounded by ice that contained relatively low levels of deuterium.
(D) The current level of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere exceeds the level of carbon dioxide in the prehistoric air trapped beneath the polar surface.
(E) Increases in the level of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere are accompanied by increases in the amount of deuterium in the ice deposited at the poles.
=================
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