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Medium|   Medium Reading|   Science|      
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Sajjad1994
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Recent advances in organ transplant methods have included a resurgence 30 Apr 2025, 11:58
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Question 1
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Recent advances in organ transplant methods have included a resurgence in interest in xenotransplantation—any procedure in which the transplant materials are taken from a non-human source—due to its potential to eliminate any issues related to scarcity in the availability of human organs for transplant. Scientific interest in using organic material from non-human sources to improve health, and even stave off death, is certainly not new. Anecdotal evidence of humans’ attempts to transplant limbs from animals in order to achieve superhuman feats, both successful and unsuccessful, has existed since ancient times and is deeply woven into Greek mythology. The early 19th century included more forays into the potential for non-human primate organs to be used for human transplantation, though from ascientific perspective, the record of success left much to be desired. Work in this field has not been without its critics, as animal welfare groups have spoken about the concerns of genetically modifying animals for the sole purpose of organ harvesting and the long-term consequences of ignoring the ethical implications for much of the xenotransplantation timeline. Whether society ultimately decides the potential benefits to humans in need of organ transplants outweigh the possible exploitation of thousands of animals remains to be seen.
1. In the passage above, what roles do the highlighted sentences serve?

A. The first sentence is the main idea, and the second sentence restates the main idea.
B. The first sentence makes the central argument of the passage, and the second sentence provides a supporting example.
C. The first sentence is an example, and the second sentence is the author’s conclusion.
D. The first sentence is an explanation, and the second sentence is an analysis of that explanation.
E. The first sentence introduces the topic, and the second sentence presents a criticism.

2. According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

A. Xenotransplantation mitigates many of the risks associated with human organ transplant.
B. The scientific interest in xenotransplantation is not new.
C. The record of success for primate organs transplanted into humans is not extensive.
D. Greek mythology contains stories of combining human and animal physical characteristics.
E. The ethical questions surrounding xenotransplantation are, as of yet, unanswered.

ShowHide Answer Question #1
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E
ShowHide Answer Question #2
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A
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Recent advances in organ transplant methods have included a resurgence 17 May 2025, 23:31
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OE

1. In the passage above, what roles do the highlighted sentences serve?

This Logic question asks for the role of the two highlighted sentences. The first highlighted sentence introduces the concept of xenotransplantation, explaining what it is and providing historical context. In the second highlighted sentence, the author presents an opposing ethical view of the technology but never takes a definite side on the ethics of using it. Therefore, neither sentence is an argument of the author’s. Eliminate (B) and (C) because the first sentence is neither an argument nor an example. Now determine whether the remaining choices correctly identify the role of the second highlighted sentence. This sentence describes the criticism leveled by the animal welfare groups. (E) is the correct answer. To get there by process of elimination, note that the second highlighted sentence does not restate anything, so (A) is incorrect. The second highlighted sentence also does not directly analyze anything stated in the first sentence, so (D) is likewise incorrect.

Answer: E
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Recent advances in organ transplant methods have included a resurgence 17 May 2025, 23:38
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OE

2. According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

“According to the passage” signals a Detail question. The “EXCEPT” means the correct answer is a fact or idea that is not stated in the passage; the four incorrect answers present material that is in the passage. Forming a precise prediction of the correct answer is not possible, but by consulting the Passage Map and reviewing what the author says about xenotransplantation, it is possible to eliminate choices that reflect that information.

In reading the passage, you should have noted that xenotransplantation is an alternative intended to deal with the scarcity of human organs for transplant but not to reduce any actual risks involved in human organ transplant. (A) incorrectly identifies the problem that xenotransplantation is intended to solve, making it the correct answer to this EXCEPT question.

(B) is confirmed by the second sentence. (C) is given in the passage’s fourth sentence. (D) is present in the third sentence of the passage where it states “Anecdotal evidence . . . is deeply woven into Greek mythology.” (E) is stated in the final sentence.

Answer: A