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Question 1
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
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Question 2
D
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Question 3
B
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Recently, biologist Christopher Imboden proposed a strategy to correct a major tactical error on the part of conservation biologists. For the past 25years, the status of the world’s bird species has been
(5) summarized in so-called Red Data Books, which list species definitely known to be threatened, thereby implying that all remaining species are secure. Imboden now suggests using “green lists” to indicate those species definitely known to be secure, thereby
(10) shifting the burden of proof to those who maintain that all is well. Use of the books is appropriate for Europe and North America, where armies of amateur naturalists, field guides in hand, search for rare birds every weekend; thus, up-to-date information is always
(15) available on the conservation status of every species. But most species live in the tropics, where one cannot assume that lack of bad news about a species guarantees good news. Nothing is known about the current status of many tropical species discovered
(20) long ago, simply because no biologist has visited the collecting locality since the original description. Given the small geographical ranges often characteristic of tropical species, many must have vanished from formerly forested areas now converted to cropland.
(25) Hence, Red Data Books for the tropics are minimal rather than maximal lists of endangered species, and only case-by-case assessments can show which of the remaining species actually belong on a green list. The real test of whether Red Data Books or green
(30) lists give a truer picture of the extinction crisis will come from case-by-case surveys of the world’s most species-rich habitats—the continental tropics. As one indication of what such surveys may show, a four-year search for freshwater fish in Malaya
(35) revealed no evidence for the continued existence of an astonishing 54 percent of the 266 species originally recorded. Although those who advocate the use of Red Data Books claim that 96 percent of the world's bird species are secure, believing that 87 of
(40) the approximately 8,000 bird species extant in the year 1600 are now extinct and that about 283 more are endangered, Imboden estimates that fewer than one-third of the world’s bird species would qualify fora green list.
(5) summarized in so-called Red Data Books, which list species definitely known to be threatened, thereby implying that all remaining species are secure. Imboden now suggests using “green lists” to indicate those species definitely known to be secure, thereby
(10) shifting the burden of proof to those who maintain that all is well. Use of the books is appropriate for Europe and North America, where armies of amateur naturalists, field guides in hand, search for rare birds every weekend; thus, up-to-date information is always
(15) available on the conservation status of every species. But most species live in the tropics, where one cannot assume that lack of bad news about a species guarantees good news. Nothing is known about the current status of many tropical species discovered
(20) long ago, simply because no biologist has visited the collecting locality since the original description. Given the small geographical ranges often characteristic of tropical species, many must have vanished from formerly forested areas now converted to cropland.
(25) Hence, Red Data Books for the tropics are minimal rather than maximal lists of endangered species, and only case-by-case assessments can show which of the remaining species actually belong on a green list. The real test of whether Red Data Books or green
(30) lists give a truer picture of the extinction crisis will come from case-by-case surveys of the world’s most species-rich habitats—the continental tropics. As one indication of what such surveys may show, a four-year search for freshwater fish in Malaya
(35) revealed no evidence for the continued existence of an astonishing 54 percent of the 266 species originally recorded. Although those who advocate the use of Red Data Books claim that 96 percent of the world's bird species are secure, believing that 87 of
(40) the approximately 8,000 bird species extant in the year 1600 are now extinct and that about 283 more are endangered, Imboden estimates that fewer than one-third of the world’s bird species would qualify fora green list.
Q1 The relationship between which of the following is most closely analogous to the relationship between Red Data Books and green lists, as they are described in the passage?
A.A list of reference materials that are important to consult and a list of materials that are less important to consult
B.A list of cars in need of major repairs and a list of cars in need of minor repairs
C.A list of tours given in Europe and a list of tours given in Africa and Asia
D.A list of necessary expenses and a list of expenses that can be eliminated
E.A list of items in low supply and a list of items of which there is sufficient stock
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[/color]
Q2 The author most likely mentions Malayan freshwater fish in order to
A.compare the rates of extinction found in fish species with the rates found in bird species
B.describe the way in which case-by-case assessment of species was conducted in the past
C.emphasize that tropical species are more prone to extinction than species in temperate regions
D.provide an example of data revealed by a case-by-case assessment of species
E.suggest that more up-to-date information is available for species of fish than for species of birds
[color=#000000]
Q2 The author most likely mentions Malayan freshwater fish in order to
A.compare the rates of extinction found in fish species with the rates found in bird species
B.describe the way in which case-by-case assessment of species was conducted in the past
C.emphasize that tropical species are more prone to extinction than species in temperate regions
D.provide an example of data revealed by a case-by-case assessment of species
E.suggest that more up-to-date information is available for species of fish than for species of birds
[color=#000000]
[/color]
Q3 According to the passage, all of the following are true statements about tropical bird species EXCEPT:
A.Current information is not available about the conservation status of many tropical species.
B.Biologists have only recently begun to describe and categorize rare tropical species.
C.Many tropical species are losing their habitats because of increased cultivation of land.
D.Tropical species often inhabit small geographical areas.
E.There are more bird species in the tropics than in other parts of the world.
Q3 According to the passage, all of the following are true statements about tropical bird species EXCEPT:
A.Current information is not available about the conservation status of many tropical species.
B.Biologists have only recently begun to describe and categorize rare tropical species.
C.Many tropical species are losing their habitats because of increased cultivation of land.
D.Tropical species often inhabit small geographical areas.
E.There are more bird species in the tropics than in other parts of the world.
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