Hard to tell between C and D. I'll take C
"X as a reform of Y" sounds better to me than "Y be reformed as X". It perhaps has to do with an idiom here, one that is certainly not used very often.

Tough choice between C and D
Will go with C (though D still stares at me )

In the original sentence:
the idea of penitentiaries were reforms of the penal system by Quakers.
means that penite...s introduced by Quakers reformed the penal system
My guess is C comes closest to this and Do would have been correct if :
Quakers suggested that the penal system be reformed by penitentiaries

This is a pretty classic modifying phrase example.

Repelled by bodily punishments such as maiming and branding logically modifies Quakers, so grammatically, Quakers needs to immediately follow the modifying phrase.

This eliminate answers A, B, and E.

Between C and D, answer D changes the original meaning of the sentence.

The phrasing of answer D suggests an action - that the penal system is reformed.
The original intent of the sentence shows a result - that the penitentiary is used as reform for the penal system.



HTH!

(C)

"Repelled by bodily punishments such as maiming and branding" modifies quackers, so A, B and E are out!
D changes the intended meaning of the sentence, so D is also out.

(A) the idea of penitentiaries were reforms of the penal system by Quakers
(B) penitentiaries were ideas for reform of the penal system suggested by Quakers
(C) Quakers suggested the penitentiary as a reform of the penal system
(D) Quakers suggested that the penal system be reformed as penitentiaries
(E) the penitentiary was suggested to be a reform of the penal system by Quakers

D changes the meaning of the sentence.
Penal system be reformed, whereas the actually sentence suggests that there were some reforms to the system. So D can be ruled out.

Moreover, in the actual sentence, the penitentiaries were reforms to the system but in D, it says that the whole system be reformed as penitentiaries.

For this question: I am not quite sure about the OA.

1) repelled by ....., Quakers or the (idea) of penitentiaries.

How can a person (Quakers) was repelled by bodily punishments?
My common sense is penitentiaries was repelled by punishment

Or my understanding about verb-ed mod. is wrong?

A Person can be repelled by a practice - Quaker (the person) was repelled by maiming and Branding (the practice). i.e., Quaker disliked the practice of maiming and branding.

Penitentiaries (i.e. imprisonment) cannot be repelled by the practice maiming and branding, i.e. it does not make sense to say that imprisonment disliked maiming and branding.

can you explain why suggest is not taking subjunctive mood form i.e. suggested + that ?
daagh AjiteshArun VeritasKarishma sayantanc2k

I voted D on the basis that subjunctive mood was correctly applied in D. I also don't get how meaning is changed in D vis-a-vis C. Hoping someone would clarify

Repelled by bodily punishments such as maiming and branding, the idea of penitentiaries were reforms of the penal system by Quakers.

Who was repelled? Ans: Quakers
Options A, B and E can be eliminated because of the wrong use of modifier

Option D changes the meaning: "Suggested that the penal system should be reformed".Whereas the suggestion is the "new penal systems"

740gmat

Usually 'that' is used with these verbs but not always.

What did the medic suggest?

He suggested lozenges for my cough.
He suggested that I take lozenges for my cough.

Both are correct. If you don't need a clause, you don't have to worry about using subjunctive form.

(C) says "Quakers suggested A as a reform of B"
So A = a reform of B
Makes sense

(D) says "Quakers suggested that A be reformed as B"
This is confusing and not correct. A be reformed as B is reformed? or A be reformed into B?

Answer should be (C)
_________________

Experts please help,
Not able to choose better option between C and D