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Question 1
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
80% (02:25) correct
20%
(02:32) wrong
based on 74
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
69% (01:08) correct 31%
(01:18) wrong
based on 71
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
63% (02:12) correct 38%
(02:03) wrong
based on 64
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
89% (00:49) correct 11%
(01:45) wrong
based on 65
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Resuscitation after severe hemorrhage is a very delicate process that involves many biological procedures that need to be carried out within a very limited time window. To successfully revive a victim of severe exsanguination, one must work quickly within the "golden hour" time limit. In this time, there are various traumas that must be avoided; cardiac arrest, hypotension, hemorrhagic shock, and hypothermia to name a few.
The resuscitation process involves the restoration of normotension (normative blood pressure) while avoiding cardiac arrest and hemorrhagic shock. Even when normotension has been restored, hemorrhagic shock, which can cause organ failure, can be a concern. There are three types of hemorrhagic shock: compensated hemorrhagic shock; uncompensated hemorrhagic shock, which is reversible; and irreversible hemorrhagic shock. The most common method of resuscitation makes use of lactated Ringer's s solution to compensate for lost blood volume by causing the cells to swell, which in turn restores normotension. Though this works fairly well, it is not the optimal treatment.
Half of the deaths that occur annually are due to acute illness or injury, and are associated with circulatory failure or shock. Some of these deaths could be avoided by proper monitoring. Present technology involves monitoring early in the temporal course of an acute illness to observe the cardiac index, oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption. In future, a possibility for a very effective non-invasive monitoring device, would be one which could provide the following cardiac output readings: pulse oximetry for estimating arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturations, a reflection of pulmonary function; transcutaneous oxygen and \(CO_{2}\) tensions, reflections of tissue perfusion; and noninvasive blood pressure readings. Non-invasive systems are far more effective than invasive systems because they provide a constant display of the data and can be used at any location, whether in the hospital or in the field. In future, if systems like these are perfected, shock may be easily intercepted and avoided, thus resulting in a significant number of saved lives.
Future studies on resuscitation should be centered around shock, prevention of cardiac arrest as well as on increasing oxygen transport and increasing blood volume. The validity of blood pressure as a measure of organ viability and optimum possibility of resuscitation should be investigated as well. That said, resuscitation research should center mainly on developing procedures that can do all of these quickly and efficiently so that resuscitation will save lives everywhere - from hospital to battlefield.
The resuscitation process involves the restoration of normotension (normative blood pressure) while avoiding cardiac arrest and hemorrhagic shock. Even when normotension has been restored, hemorrhagic shock, which can cause organ failure, can be a concern. There are three types of hemorrhagic shock: compensated hemorrhagic shock; uncompensated hemorrhagic shock, which is reversible; and irreversible hemorrhagic shock. The most common method of resuscitation makes use of lactated Ringer's s solution to compensate for lost blood volume by causing the cells to swell, which in turn restores normotension. Though this works fairly well, it is not the optimal treatment.
Half of the deaths that occur annually are due to acute illness or injury, and are associated with circulatory failure or shock. Some of these deaths could be avoided by proper monitoring. Present technology involves monitoring early in the temporal course of an acute illness to observe the cardiac index, oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption. In future, a possibility for a very effective non-invasive monitoring device, would be one which could provide the following cardiac output readings: pulse oximetry for estimating arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturations, a reflection of pulmonary function; transcutaneous oxygen and \(CO_{2}\) tensions, reflections of tissue perfusion; and noninvasive blood pressure readings. Non-invasive systems are far more effective than invasive systems because they provide a constant display of the data and can be used at any location, whether in the hospital or in the field. In future, if systems like these are perfected, shock may be easily intercepted and avoided, thus resulting in a significant number of saved lives.
Future studies on resuscitation should be centered around shock, prevention of cardiac arrest as well as on increasing oxygen transport and increasing blood volume. The validity of blood pressure as a measure of organ viability and optimum possibility of resuscitation should be investigated as well. That said, resuscitation research should center mainly on developing procedures that can do all of these quickly and efficiently so that resuscitation will save lives everywhere - from hospital to battlefield.
1. In this passage, the author is primarily interested in
(A) describing the resuscitation process and suggesting strategies for improving it.
(B) advocating particular strategies for future efforts to improve the resuscitation process
(C) suggesting an alternative to an outdated research method
(D) distinguishing between different resuscitation strategies
(E) evaluating the effectiveness of resuscitation
(A) describing the resuscitation process and suggesting strategies for improving it.
(B) advocating particular strategies for future efforts to improve the resuscitation process
(C) suggesting an alternative to an outdated research method
(D) distinguishing between different resuscitation strategies
(E) evaluating the effectiveness of resuscitation
2. The author mentions which of the following as a possible consequence of severe hemorrhage?
(A) hypertension
(B) normotension
(C) increased blood volume
(D) hemorrhagic shock
(E) lactated Ringer’s solution
(A) hypertension
(B) normotension
(C) increased blood volume
(D) hemorrhagic shock
(E) lactated Ringer’s solution
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about monitoring technology?
(A) The present technology observes \(CO_{2}\), delivery and consumption, while future technology might provide readings on pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oxygen and \(CO_{2}\), tensions.
(B) The present technology observes oxygen delivery and consumption, while future technology might provide readings on pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oxygen and \(CO_{2}\), tensions.
(C) The present technology observes oxygen delivery and consumption, while future technology might provide readings on pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oxygen and carbon monoxide tensions.
(D) The present technology observes oxygen delivery and consumption, while future technology might provide readings on pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oxygen and \(CO_{2}\): saturations.
(E) The present technology regulates oxygen delivery and consumption, while future technology might evaluate pulse oximetry, transcutaneous oxygen and \(CO_{2}\), tensions.
(A) The present technology observes \(CO_{2}\), delivery and consumption, while future technology might provide readings on pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oxygen and \(CO_{2}\), tensions.
(B) The present technology observes oxygen delivery and consumption, while future technology might provide readings on pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oxygen and \(CO_{2}\), tensions.
(C) The present technology observes oxygen delivery and consumption, while future technology might provide readings on pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oxygen and carbon monoxide tensions.
(D) The present technology observes oxygen delivery and consumption, while future technology might provide readings on pulse oximetry and transcutaneous oxygen and \(CO_{2}\): saturations.
(E) The present technology regulates oxygen delivery and consumption, while future technology might evaluate pulse oximetry, transcutaneous oxygen and \(CO_{2}\), tensions.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that after “the golden hour” has passed,
(A) hypothermia will occur
(B) there is no longer a chance of hypothermia
(C) a patient’s chances of recovery are diminished
(D) there is little or no chance that hemorrhagic shock will set in.
(E) there is little or no chance of cardiac arrest.
(A) hypothermia will occur
(B) there is no longer a chance of hypothermia
(C) a patient’s chances of recovery are diminished
(D) there is little or no chance that hemorrhagic shock will set in.
(E) there is little or no chance of cardiac arrest.
Source: Reading Comprehension Practice (Docs)
24 Dec 2021, 18:27
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How can B is correct for Q3?
Option B mentions CO while passage suggest CO2.
Option B mentions CO while passage suggest CO2.
24 Dec 2021, 18:51
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thakurarun85
Yes, there seems to be a typo in either the passage text or in answer choice B.
Posted from my mobile device
