Official Solution:
Machines A, B, and C can either load nails into a bin or unload nails from that bin. Each machine works at a constant rate that is the same for loading and for unloading, although the individual machines may have different rates. Working together to load at their respective constant rates, machines A and B can load the bin in 6 minutes. Likewise, working together to load at their respective constant rates, machines B and C can load the bin in 9 minutes. How long will it take machine A to load the bin if machine C is simultaneously unloading the bin?
A. 12 minutes
B. 15 minutes
C. 18 minutes
D. 36 minutes
E. 54 minutes
Write each machine's rate as a lowercase letter. We add the rates for each given situation in which machines are working together to load the bin:
\(a + b = \frac{1}{6}\) bin per minute
\(b + c = \frac{1}{9}\) bin per minute
Notice that the rate should always be in "work per time" - in this case, "bins per minute," not "minutes per bin." If it takes machines A and B 6 minutes to load the bin, then they work at a rate of \(\frac{1}{6}\) of a bin per minute.
We are looking for an equation involving the difference of machine A's rate and machine C's rate. In other words, we are looking for \(a - c\). The negative sign in front of the \(c\) indicates that machine C is unloading; in other words, it is working "against" machine A.
We can subtract the two given equations to get the following:
\(a - c = \frac{1}{6} - \frac{1}{9} = \frac{3}{18} - \frac{2}{18} = \frac{1}{18}\) bin per minute.
Thus, it will take 18 minutes for machine A to load the bin, if machine C is simultaneously unloading the bin.
Answer: C