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Sentence Correction Query

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earnit
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Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   08 Jul 2014, 00:27
Hi,

I am preparing for GMAT Exam. I would be really grateful if I could get some assistance with regard to Sentence Correction.

I have a question.

Fishman reckons that by finding all the links in a pathway and then by locating the key signals turning genes on or off will lead novartis to therapies for illness once deemed incurable.

Options:
a) by finding all the links in a pathway and then by locating the key signals turning
b) finding all the links in a pathway and then locating the key signals that can turn

option b) is the correct one.
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Re: Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   08 Jul 2014, 13:00
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earnit wrote:
Hi,

I am preparing for GMAT Exam. I would be really grateful if I could get some assistance with regard to Sentence Correction.

I have a question.

Fishman reckons that by finding all the links in a pathway and then by locating the key signals turning genes on or off will lead novartis to therapies for illness once deemed incurable.

Options:
a) by finding all the links in a pathway and then by locating the key signals turning
b) finding all the links in a pathway and then locating the key signals that can turn

option b) is the correct one.

Dear Shashank,
I'm happy to help. :-)

The word "that" has many uses --- see:
https://magoosh.com/gmat/2013/gmat-sente ... s-of-that/
One is as a subordinate conjunction, that is, a word that signals the beginning of a subordinate clause. In all the [verb] + "that" structures, this is precisely the use of "that." On this idiom, see:
https://magoosh.com/gmat/2013/gmat-idiom ... t-clauses/

Here, we have "reckons that ...," a [verb] + "that" structure, so what follows the "that" should be a full subordinate clause. Like any clause, we need a full bonafide subject and a full bonafide verb. Every clause needs that. The verb "will lead" is the main verb inside the clause, and this verb needs a subject. In option (b), the parallel gerunds form the subject: "finding .. and ... locating ... will lead." In option (a), those gerunds are relegated to prepositional phrases, so there are no noun or noun-like objects "out in the open" available to be the subject, and the verb "will lead" has no subject.

For SC practice, I highly recommend reading all the articles, watching all the videos, and practicing all the questions on this free blog:
https://magoosh.com/gmat/category/verbal ... orrection/

If you have aspirations for 700+ performance, one thing I will strenuously recommend is: READ! Read every day, at least an hour a day. Read hard challenging material in English. As a soon-to-be business student, you already should be reading the Wall Street Journal every day and the Economist Magazine from cover to cover every week. If you don't have a background in the natural sciences, read Scientific American every month. The New York Times is also excellent. For more reading suggestions, see:
https://magoosh.com/gmat/2012/gmat-reading-list/
If you want to see some extraordinary sentences with incredible grammar structures, I will recommend early American writings. Read the opening of the US Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution including the Amendments. Read the speeches of Abraham Lincoln and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Read the essays of Ralph Waldo Emerson and the writings of Henry David Thoreau. If you really want to get a 700+ on the GMAT, you should practice reading material of that sort until it seems easy.

Does all this make sense?
Mike :-)
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Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   08 Jul 2014, 23:12
Dear Mike,

Thanks a lot for your valuable input and also clearing the doubt with regard to the SC Question.
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Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   09 Jul 2014, 23:44
Recently implemented “shift-work equations” based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Here the correct answer choice is choice C, with a new word “while”.

Although "while" here denotes simultaneous action and so is appropriately used.
my doubt is with regard to the word "raising".
what role is it playing here? Verb-ing modifer or is it the verb for “shift-work equations” which already has one verb:have reduced
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Re: Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   10 Jul 2014, 14:27
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earnit wrote:
Recently implemented “shift-work equations” based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Here the correct answer choice is choice C, with a new word “while”.

Although "while" here denotes simultaneous action and so is appropriately used.
my doubt is with regard to the word "raising".
what role is it playing here? Verb-ing modifer or is it the verb for “shift-work equations” which already has one verb:have reduced

Dear earnit,
My friend, when you post GMAT SC, please underline the appropriate text in the problem. Here, I did that for you. That makes everything about the question much more clear.

The word "while" acts as a preposition in some cases, so the gerund "raising" is the object of the preposition. It makes perfect sense here, because the implicit subject is the subject of the sentence.

Does this make sense?
Mike :-)
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Re: Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   13 Jul 2014, 07:25
mikemcgarry wrote:
earnit wrote:
Recently implemented “shift-work equations” based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.

(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Here the correct answer choice is choice C, with a new word “while”.

Although "while" here denotes simultaneous action and so is appropriately used.
my doubt is with regard to the word "raising".
what role is it playing here? Verb-ing modifer or is it the verb for “shift-work equations” which already has one verb:have reduced


Dear earnit,
My friend, when you post GMAT SC, please underline the appropriate text in the problem. Here, I did that for you. That makes everything about the question much more clear.

The word "while" acts as a preposition in some cases, so the gerund "raising" is the object of the preposition. It makes perfect sense here, because the implicit subject is the subject of the sentence.

Does this make sense?
Mike :-)


Thank you for your response Mike.

Kindly correct me as i try to put forth my interpretation of the same. The preposition "while" is also providing a contrast here?
Another thing, if gerund 'raising' is the subject here so is it imperative that it must also have a Verb to follow the S+V Agreement of clause?

Look forward to some assistance here.
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Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   14 Jul 2014, 01:08
Dear Mike,

thanks for your Valuable input.

Mike,

why is Option B incorrect ? Shouldn't the correct answer read .... "Have reduced ... and raised" ....

Regards,
BABAR
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Re: Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   14 Jul 2014, 10:58
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earnit wrote:
Thank you for your response Mike.

Kindly correct me as i try to put forth my interpretation of the same. The preposition "while" is also providing a contrast here?
Another thing, if gerund 'raising' is the subject here so is it imperative that it must also have a Verb to follow the S+V Agreement of clause?

Look forward to some assistance here.

Babar28 wrote:
Dear Mike,
thanks for your Valuable input. why is Option B incorrect ? Shouldn't the correct answer read .... "Have reduced ... and raised" ....
Regards,
BABAR

Dear earnit & Babar,
I'm happy to help. :-)

First of all, the "while" does provide contrast, and that contrast is logically necessary to the sentence. This is precisely why (A) & (B) are wrong. Choices (A) & (B) are examples of False Parallelism. False Parallelism is the mistake of automatically putting every single verb in the sentence in parallel, regardless of their meaning. The GMAT loves to trap folks with this mistake. Folks struggle with parallelism, and sometimes folks approach it mechanically, almost mathematically --- just match everything according to the same structure. The problem is that parallelism is not simply a grammatical structure --- it is just as much a logical structure, so we absolutely cannot afford to ignore the logical implications of putting all the words in parallel.

Think about this context. The "shift work equations" were based on getting workers enough sleep, so OK, had various health benefits, and the first verb, "have reduced," lists in parallel three negative health impacts that were made better by implementing these measures. OK, so the measure benefit worker health. But then, the second part tells us that there is also a bottom-line implication: production efficiency increases. Wait a moment! That's something completely different! This measure not only impacts the biological well-being of the workers but it also has direct implication for the economic well-being of the company. That's very different! That deserves a contrast word, not simply another "and." That's why (B) is wrong.

And, earnit, as to your second question: anything that follows a preposition is NOT a subject. Anything that follows a preposition is the object of the preposition. This is precisely why we use the objective forms of personal pronouns (me, him, her, us, them), not the subject forms (I, he, she, we, they), after a preposition --- without me, to him, after her, because of us, for them. Prepositions take objects, so here, "raising" is an object.

Does all this make sense?
Mike :-)
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Re: Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   14 Jul 2014, 12:27
Dear Mike,

thanks for the reply.

very well explained.

thanks alot :)

regards,
BABAR
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Re: Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   15 Jul 2014, 02:11
Perfect.

Thanks a ton mike.

Gerund is a Verb-ing acting as a noun so as a noun entity, it can act as a Subject or an object.

here owing to the fact that 'raising' follows preposition and subject is never preceded by a preposition, so that is what makes the gerund an object.

Thank you.
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Re: Sentence Correction Query [#permalink] New post   03 Oct 2014, 13:53
mikemcgarry wrote:
earnit wrote:
Thank you for your response Mike.

Kindly correct me as i try to put forth my interpretation of the same. The preposition "while" is also providing a contrast here?
Another thing, if gerund 'raising' is the subject here so is it imperative that it must also have a Verb to follow the S+V Agreement of clause?

Look forward to some assistance here.

Babar28 wrote:
Dear Mike,
thanks for your Valuable input. why is Option B incorrect ? Shouldn't the correct answer read .... "Have reduced ... and raised" ....
Regards,
BABAR

Dear earnit & Babar,
I'm happy to help. :-)

First of all, the "while" does provide contrast, and that contrast is logically necessary to the sentence. This is precisely why (A) & (B) are wrong. Choices (A) & (B) are examples of False Parallelism. False Parallelism is the mistake of automatically putting every single verb in the sentence in parallel, regardless of their meaning. The GMAT loves to trap folks with this mistake. Folks struggle with parallelism, and sometimes folks approach it mechanically, almost mathematically --- just match everything according to the same structure. The problem is that parallelism is not simply a grammatical structure --- it is just as much a logical structure, so we absolutely cannot afford to ignore the logical implications of putting all the words in parallel.

Think about this context. The "shift work equations" were based on getting workers enough sleep, so OK, had various health benefits, and the first verb, "have reduced," lists in parallel three negative health impacts that were made better by implementing these measures. OK, so the measure benefit worker health. But then, the second part tells us that there is also a bottom-line implication: production efficiency increases. Wait a moment! That's something completely different! This measure not only impacts the biological well-being of the workers but it also has direct implication for the economic well-being of the company. That's very different! That deserves a contrast word, not simply another "and." That's why (B) is wrong.

And, earnit, as to your second question: anything that follows a preposition is NOT a subject. Anything that follows a preposition is the object of the preposition. This is precisely why we use the objective forms of personal pronouns (me, him, her, us, them), not the subject forms (I, he, she, we, they), after a preposition --- without me, to him, after her, because of us, for them. Prepositions take objects, so here, "raising" is an object.

Does all this make sense?
Mike :-)


Hi Mike,

Thanks for the awesome explanation. As I have earlier said, your every word is worth its weight in gold. Thanks for clearing my doubt... :-)
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Re: Sentence Correction Query [#permalink]
03 Oct 2014, 13:53

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