Shaw: Regulatory limits on pollution emissions from power plants should be set in terms of the long-term average emissions level rather than peak emissions levels.
Levin: But short periods of high pollution emissions pose dangers to the environment. Your proposal is akin to enforcing the highway speed limit by measuring vehicles' average speed, including the time spent in traffic or at stoplights, rather than their peak speed.
Based on the analogy in Levin's argument, time that a vehicle spends at a stoplight is analogous to time that a power plantLevin is saying that using an average can hide dangerous peaks. In the speed example, time spent stopped lowers the vehicle’s average speed and can make high-speed driving look less serious. In the pollution example, periods of very low or zero emissions would lower the plant’s average emissions and could hide dangerous peak emissions.
So stoplight time corresponds to time with no emissions.
(A) operates without any monitoring of its pollution emissions
Wrong. Stoplight time is about lowering the average, not about lack of monitoring.
(B) operates at peak efficiency
Wrong. Peak efficiency is not the same as producing no pollution.
(C) emits pollutants at a very low level
Tempting, but not the closest match. A vehicle at a stoplight has zero speed, so the best analogy is zero emissions.
(D) emits no pollutants at all
Correct. Time at a stoplight reduces average speed because the car is not moving. Similarly, time during which a power plant emits no pollutants would reduce its long-term average emissions.
(E) emits pollutants at its peak level
Wrong. This corresponds to peak speed, not stoplight time.
Answer: (D)