Shelton: The recent sharp decline in the number of moose in this region was caused by a large increase in the white-tailed deer population. While the deer do not compete with moose for food, they carry a dangerous parasite that can be transferred to any moose living nearby.
Russo: The neighboring region has also experienced a large increase in the white-tailed deer population, but the moose population there has remained stable.Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent conflict between Shelton's and Russo's statements?Shelton says deer caused the moose decline because they can transmit a parasite to nearby moose. Russo points out that another region also has more deer but no moose decline. The conflict is resolved if
moose and deer come into close contact in the first region but not in the neighboring region.
(A) The region with the declining moose population is larger than the neighboring region and, even after the decline, has more moose than the neighboring region.
Incorrect. The total size of the regions and their absolute moose populations do not explain why deer transmit the parasite in one region but apparently not the other.
(B) The region with the declining moose population consists mainly of high-quality moose habitat, but the quality of moose habitat in the neighboring region is marginal.
Incorrect. This might affect how many moose live in each region, but it does not explain the different effects of the increased deer populations.
(C) Wolf packs in the region with the declining moose population generally prey on only moose and deer, but in the neighboring region the wolf packs prey on a wider variety of species.
Incorrect. This introduces differences in predation, but it does not explain Shelton's specific claim that the moose decline resulted from
parasite transmission by deer.
(D) There is a large overlap in the ranges of moose and white-tailed deer in the region with the declining moose population, but not in the neighboring region.
Correct. The parasite can be transferred only when moose live near infected deer. Large range overlap in Shelton's region makes transmission likely, while little overlap in the neighboring region explains why its moose population could remain stable despite the increase in deer.
(E) Moose require a habitat with very little human settlement, whereas white-tailed deer often thrive in and around areas with considerable human settlement.
Incorrect. This general difference in habitat preference does not establish that moose and deer actually have different levels of contact in the two regions.
Answer: (D)