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iamcartic
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yeah, I dont think E adds anything to the argument..
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1. The Japanese baseball season is not comprised of significantly fewer baseball games.
if fewer games, can not rely on durability
2. In both the U.S. and Japanese baseball leagues, batters are equally strong and pitchers throw equally fast. comparing the equality hence the durability also
3. The plastic-wood bat differs from all wood bats only in its durability, and would not otherwise significantly alter the game of baseball.
plastic-wood bat differs only in its durability, that's why claimed for durability
4. The reported instances of bat breakage in both the U.S. and Japanese baseball leagues accurately reflect the true ratio of Japanese-to-U.S. bat breakage.
If not true ratio, can't assume for reliable report
5. Since the Japanese league has permitted the use of the new bat, it has been used by a significant number of batters.
Number of batters is not a concern So the answer ANS
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2010mba
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C.

F1: Japanese baseball uses a combination bat
F2: League reported fewer instances of bat breakage
A1: combination bat has something to do with few instances
A2: all other factors are equal
A3: players are using the combination bat
C: bat must be more durable

1. A2
2. A2
3. This is the conclusion, just stated differently, so it would not mean anything. If this argument were removed, it would do nothing.
4. F2
5. A3 – I thought this at first, but in order for the lower number of bat breakage, it would mean a higher use of the combination bat
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iamcartic
Since 1990, the Japanese professional baseball league has permitted the use of a special bat made from a combination of wood and plastic. In each subsequent year, the Japanese league has reported fewer instances of bat breakage than has U.S. major league baseball. Based solely on this information, American team owners have enthusiastically reported to the Commissioner of American Baseball that the plastic-wood bats are more durable and break less easily than American all-wood bats.

The conclusion drawn by the team owners assumes each of the following EXCEPT:

1. The Japanese baseball season is not comprised of significantly fewer baseball games.
2. In both the U.S. and Japanese baseball leagues, batters are equally strong and pitchers throw equally fast.
3. The plastic-wood bat differs from all wood bats only in its durability, and would not otherwise significantly alter the game of baseball.
4. The reported instances of bat breakage in both the U.S. and Japanese baseball leagues accurately reflect the true ratio of Japanese-to-U.S. bat breakage.
5. Since the Japanese league has permitted the use of the new bat, it has been used by a significant number of batters.

1 is assumed because if the Japanese baseball season is comprised of significantly fewer baseball games, then there would fewer bat breakages.
2 is also assumed because if in Japan, batters are not equally strong and pitchers do not throw equally fast, it is reasonable to have few bat breakage.
3 is also assumed. If the plastic-wood bat does not differ from all wood bats only in its durability, and would otherwise significantly alter the game of baseball, then American team owners would not report/recommend/suggest the Commissioner of American Baseball about the plastic-wood bats.
4 is also assumed. If the reported instances of bat breakage in both the U.S. and Japanese baseball leagues do not accurately reflect the true ratio of Japanese-to-U.S. bat breakage, then the durabilty of plastic-wood bats is misleading. so it is also assumed.
5 could be assumed but not certainly. The use of the new bat by a significant number of batters is not required to recommend/report about the durability of plastic-wood bats.

So 5 may not be assumed. Should be E.
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E


In each subsequent year, the Japanese league has reported fewer instances of bat breakage than has U.S. major league baseball.
=>eg japan reported a breakage - 10/100
US reported a breakage - 20/100

->1,4 are assumed


its obvious 2,3 are assumed



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