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31%
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Smokers of pipes or cigars run a distinctly lower risk to their health than do cigarette smokers. However, whereas cigarette smokers who quit smoking altogether sharply reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems, those who give up cigarettes and take up pipes or cigars remain in as much danger as before.
Which one of the following, if true, offers the best prospects for an explanation of why the two changes in smoking habits do not both result in reduced health risks?
(A) Smokers of pipes or cigars who quit smoking thereby reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems.
(B) Cigarette smokers who quit smoking for a time and who then resume cigarette smoking do not necessarily reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems.
(C) The kinds of illnesses that smokers run an increased risk of contracting develop no earlier in cigarette smokers than they do in smokers of pipes or cigar.
(D) At any given period in their lives, virtually all smokers smoke either cigarettes exclusively or cigars exclusively or pipes exclusively, rather than alternating freely among various ways of smoking.
(E) People who switch from cigarette smoking to smoking pipes or cigars inhale smoke in a way that those who have never smoked cigarettes do not.
Which one of the following, if true, offers the best prospects for an explanation of why the two changes in smoking habits do not both result in reduced health risks?
(A) Smokers of pipes or cigars who quit smoking thereby reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems.
(B) Cigarette smokers who quit smoking for a time and who then resume cigarette smoking do not necessarily reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems.
(C) The kinds of illnesses that smokers run an increased risk of contracting develop no earlier in cigarette smokers than they do in smokers of pipes or cigar.
(D) At any given period in their lives, virtually all smokers smoke either cigarettes exclusively or cigars exclusively or pipes exclusively, rather than alternating freely among various ways of smoking.
(E) People who switch from cigarette smoking to smoking pipes or cigars inhale smoke in a way that those who have never smoked cigarettes do not.
Fact 1: Smokers of pipes or cigars run a distinctly lower risk to their health than do cigarette smokers.
Fact 2: However, whereas cigarette smokers who quit smoking altogether sharply reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems, those who give up cigarettes and take up pipes or cigars remain in as much danger as before.
(A) Smokers of pipes or cigars who quit smoking thereby reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems- this reiterates the facts in a way.
(B) Cigarette smokers who quit smoking for a time and who then resume cigarette smoking do not necessarily reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems- out of scope since we are talking about people who give up cigarette smoking and take up smoking cigars/ pipes.
(C) The kinds of illnesses that smokers run an increased risk of contracting develop no earlier in cigarette smokers than they do in smokers of pipes or cigar.- exposure of cigarette smokers = exposure of cigar smokers- in terms of timing. This doesn't really address the issue as to why switching from cigarettes to cigars is more harmful than just smoking cigars or pipes.
(D) At any given period in their lives, virtually all smokers smoke either cigarettes exclusively or cigars exclusively or pipes exclusively, rather than alternating freely among various ways of smoking.- Out of scope- talks about some additional behavioural characteristic of smokers.
(E) People who switch from cigarette smoking to smoking pipes or cigars inhale smoke in a way that those who have never smoked cigarettes do not- so since the people who smoke cigarettes inhale more smoke than people who smoke only cigars/ pipes, the effect of switching to cigars could be the same as the effects of smoking cigarettes ( Smokers of pipes or cigars run a distinctly lower risk to their health than do cigarette smokers- now we know it's probably because of the amount of smoke inhaled)
Fact 2: However, whereas cigarette smokers who quit smoking altogether sharply reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems, those who give up cigarettes and take up pipes or cigars remain in as much danger as before.
(A) Smokers of pipes or cigars who quit smoking thereby reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems- this reiterates the facts in a way.
(B) Cigarette smokers who quit smoking for a time and who then resume cigarette smoking do not necessarily reduce their risk of smoking-related health problems- out of scope since we are talking about people who give up cigarette smoking and take up smoking cigars/ pipes.
(C) The kinds of illnesses that smokers run an increased risk of contracting develop no earlier in cigarette smokers than they do in smokers of pipes or cigar.- exposure of cigarette smokers = exposure of cigar smokers- in terms of timing. This doesn't really address the issue as to why switching from cigarettes to cigars is more harmful than just smoking cigars or pipes.
(D) At any given period in their lives, virtually all smokers smoke either cigarettes exclusively or cigars exclusively or pipes exclusively, rather than alternating freely among various ways of smoking.- Out of scope- talks about some additional behavioural characteristic of smokers.
(E) People who switch from cigarette smoking to smoking pipes or cigars inhale smoke in a way that those who have never smoked cigarettes do not- so since the people who smoke cigarettes inhale more smoke than people who smoke only cigars/ pipes, the effect of switching to cigars could be the same as the effects of smoking cigarettes ( Smokers of pipes or cigars run a distinctly lower risk to their health than do cigarette smokers- now we know it's probably because of the amount of smoke inhaled)
