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GMATking94
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21 Dec 2022, 00:05
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generis
Though all experts have given their views on this question, I would like to point out an easy way to tackle this question. As far I can see we can use parallelism trigger alone to get to the right answer choice. I know the meaning-based approach is best but I would rather prefer to use the known triggers first and finally if you are unable to select a correct answer choice then only move to the meaning-based approach.
The question -
Some business experts think that allowing employees to buy their employer's stock for a set price, no matter how high the stock rises, will give the employees a powerful incentive to work together, making a company more prosperous, which will thus increase the return to shareholders.
Which refers to " option to buy employer's stock or powerful incentive ".... Not clear.
Option B
Some business experts think that allowing employees to buy their employer's stock for a set price, no matter how high the stock rises, will give the employees a powerful incentive to work together to make a company more prosperous and will thus increase the return to shareholders.
No Parallelism and no redundancy of which.
Option C & D Parallelism Error
Option E "Which" Issue
12 Jan 2023, 21:09
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generis
What is the sentence telling us?
That some experts think if employees are allowed to buy their employer’s stock for a set price (presumably lower than the current market price), the employees will get an incentive to work together to make the company prosperous (which will further increase its share price and hence their profit from the stock). This is turn will increase the profit to shareholders. So basically, if the employees have a stake in the company, they may get motivated to work hard to make the company successful and this in turn will increase the return to shareholders.
Let’s focus on the ‘that’ clause.
… allowing employees to buy their employer's stock … will give the employees a powerful incentive to work together, making a company more prosperous, which will thus increase the return to shareholders.
In short, the structure of the clause looks like this:
A will give employees B, which will thus increase C.
There are two intents here:
Incentive to do what? to work together …
Work together to do what? to make a company more prosperous
This will lead to an increase in the return to shareholders.
GMAT prefers infinitive to show intent. So first of all, (A) and (B) are preferable over others because of their use of ‘to work together.’
For the same reason, the use of ‘to make a company…’ is preferable.
The use of present participle with a comma at the end of the clause ‘making a company more prosperous’ often implies an effect of the verb before. It makes a little less sense here though only because we have a better option. Will just giving an incentive to work together make the company prosperous? May be not. In a company, whether employees get an incentive or not, they do need to work together. It might make more sense that they will work together toward the goal of making the company prosperous. Hence, in this regard, (B) and (D) are preferable.
(E) gives us two actions that the employees will have incentive for - ‘working together’ and ‘making a company more prosperous.’ As discussed above, it makes more sense to say that they will ‘work together to make the company prosperous.’
‘Which’ and ‘it’ usually refer to nouns, not clauses. Hence, we can now ignore (A), (D) and (E) since we have found other issues too in them.
In option (C), ‘they’ most likely refers to employees but do the employees increase return to shareholders? Debatable but let’s not eliminate based on this alone.
Note the structure of option (C):
A will give employees B, and thus they increase C.
When we are talking about what could happen in the future, we should give its impact in the future tense too.
A will give employees B, and thus they will increase C.
Now we know that we should eliminate option (C) too.
We are left with (B) which is preferable in each aspect discussed above.
Answer (B)
13 Jan 2023, 04:39
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generis
Hey Everyone,
Here's a detailed solution to this interesting question. Make sure you give this question an honest attempt before reading further.
Some business experts think that allowing employees to buy their employer's stock for a set price, no matter how high the stock rises, will give the employees a powerful incentive to work together, making a company more prosperous, which will thus increase the return to shareholders.
Sentence Structure:
- Some business experts think that
- allowing employees to buy their employer's stock for a set price,
- no matter how high the stock rises,
- will give the employees a powerful incentive to work together,
- making a company more prosperous,
- which will thus increase the return to shareholders.
Aspects of Meaning:
- Some business experts believe that allowing employees to buy their employer's stock for a set (fixed) price, no matter how high the stock rises, has benefits.
- It will give the employees a powerful incentive to make a company more prosperous by working together.
- Note that owning company stock gives an employee an incentive to primarily make the company more prosperous. Of course, this can be done by working together, but the ultimate objective would be to make the company more prosperous. Else, why own stock? Right?
- It will thus also increase the return to shareholders.
- It will give the employees a powerful incentive to make a company more prosperous by working together.
Error Analysis:
- Choice A: Incorrect
- The deterministic error here is that the relative pronoun "which" has no clear antecedent. Logically, "which" should refer to "allowing employees to buy their employer's stock for a set price". However, its current position seems to indicate that it refers to "incentive" (the nearest noun). But, that's illogical since "incentive" does not "increase the return to shareholders".
- The second, more subtle error is the use of the verb-ing modifier "making a company more prosperous". In its current form, it is hard to tell whether "making" tells us the result/consequence of "to work together", the manner in which they work together, or the intent behind working together. Hence, "making" can at best be deemed an ambiguous modifier. We need a modifier that completes the logic behind employee ownership of company stock.
- The use of "and will thus increase" eliminates the deterministic error of "which" in choice A. Now, the subject of both verbs "will give" and "will increase" is "allowing employees to buy their employer's stock for a set price". This is logical and correct.
- Changing "making" to "to make" suggests that the employees get an incentive to work together to make a company more prosperous". This is logical and actually captures the intended meaning.
- "Incentive for working" is the incorrect idiom. "Incentive to work" is the correct idiom.
- "Making" is incorrect, as explained above.
- "and thus they" is incorrect. The use of "they" changes the subject of the second clause from "allowing employees...set price" to "employees". This cannot be allowed owing to the meaning of the word "thus"Quote:
- Answer choice C and the original sentence employ Meaning 2 described above. In this sense, we can see that the subject of the verbs in both clauses must be the same: "allowing...". This is because the second action is a consequence of the preceding action of the same subject. Hence, it is incorrect to use the pronoun "they".
- "Incentive for working" is the incorrect idiom. "Incentive to work" is the correct idiom.
- We do not need to use the pronoun "it" to repeat the subject "allowing...". Omitting "it" would make the sentence more crisp and rhetorical.
- "Incentive for working" is the incorrect idiom. "Incentive to work" is the correct idiom.
- Joining "working" and "making" with "and" suggests that these two actions are independent. However, the author wishes to say that the intent behind working together is to make a company more prosperous.
- "Which" has no logical antecedent.
Choice B: Correct
Choice C: Incorrect
Choice D: Incorrect
Choice E: Incorrect
Hence, the best answer is B.
Happy Learning!
Abhishek
