Surprisingly, a new study has revealed that shortly after a heavy rainfall, pollution levels in Crystal Bay reach their highest levels. This occurs despite the fact that rainwater is almost totally pure and one would therefore expect that it would dilute the polluted seawater.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why pollution levels in Crystal Bay increase after a heavy rainfall?The puzzle is that rainwater is almost pure, so it should dilute polluted seawater. But after heavy rainfall, pollution levels in Crystal Bay become highest.
The best explanation is that the rainwater is not entering the bay directly as pure water; it first picks up pollutants from land and then carries them into the
bay.
(A) Compared to the total amount of polluted seawater, the amount of rainwater that falls into Crystal Bay is negligible.
This explains why rainwater might fail to dilute the bay much, but it does not explain why pollution levels increase after rainfall.
(B) Most of the rainwater that eventually reaches Crystal Bay falls on pesticide-treated fields before being carried into the bay.
This is correct. The rainwater may start out pure, but if it flows over pesticide-treated fields before reaching the bay, it can carry pesticides into the water. That explains why pollution levels rise after heavy rainfall.
(C) Most rainwater carried by clouds consists of water that has evaporated from oceans around the world.
This does not explain the increase in pollution. Evaporated ocean water does not explain why Crystal Bay becomes more polluted after rain.
(D) The single leading cause of pollution in Crystal Bay is beachgoers' leaving behind their trash and debris, which then blows into the bay.
This explains a source of pollution generally, but not why pollution reaches its highest level shortly after heavy rainfall.
(E) Other nearby ocean areas experience a pattern of pollutant increase and decrease that is extremely similar to that of Crystal Bay.
This shows the pattern is not unique to Crystal Bay, but it does not explain why the pattern occurs.
Answer: (B)