That the application of new technology can increase the productivity of existing coal mines is demonstrated by the case of Tribnia’s coal industry. Coal output per miner in Tribnia is double what it was five years ago, even though no new mines have opened.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the passage?The argument concludes that new technology increased productivity because output per miner doubled even though no new mines opened.
The key weakness is that
average output per miner could have risen for another reason, even if no individual mine became more productive because of technology.
(A) The most efficient mining technology is specifically designed for open-pit mines, the type of mine prevalent in Tribnia.
Incorrect. This strengthens the argument. If the most efficient mining technology is particularly suited to the type of mines common in Tribnia, it becomes more plausible that technology could have increased productivity there. The reference to the “most efficient” technology is therefore relevant, not out of scope.
(B) The new mining technology can be successfully applied in most coal mines, but not in such mines as metal-ore mines, for example.
Incorrect. Tribnia’s mines are coal mines, so the fact that the technology does not work in metal-ore mines does not weaken the argument.
(C) New coal mines that opened in a country bordering Tribnia have lower productivity than is currently achieved in the Tribnian mines that are highest in productivity.
Incorrect. This comparison does not explain why Tribnia’s overall output per miner doubled.
(D) In the last three years several of the Tribnian coal mines that were lowest in productivity have been closed down.
Correct. Closing the least productive mines would remove low-productivity workers and mines from the calculation. As a result, the average output per miner could rise substantially even if productivity at the remaining mines did not improve. This provides a clear alternative explanation for the observed increase.
(E) Tribnia’s coal output is not sufficient to satisfy domestic demand, which has increased in the last five years.
Incorrect. Higher demand does not explain why output per miner increased or whether technology caused that increase.
Answer: (D)