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The demographic figures for Ihe state's 567 municipalities
and 21 counties clearly indicate that the decline of urban population begun in the 1950's still continues.
(A) decline of urban population begun in the 1950's still
continues
(B) declining urban population, begun in the 1950's, is
still continuing
(C) decline in urban population that began in the 1950's
is continuing
D) decline of population in the cities that had begun in
the 1950's was confinuing
E) decline in population in the cities that began in the
1950's was still continuing.
Question can be easily solved by POE..BUT the correct answer ruffled some of my grammar fundas or lack of them.
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C for me. 1.25min
A) wrong use of active voice. The "decline" cannot perform any action but can be the recipient of some action. Also, A is redundant with "still continues"
B) incorrect use of gerund "declining". It sounds as if it were "the declining urban population" which is still continuing. What does the urban population continue to do?
C) right use of passive voice for "the decline"
D) hmmm, very wordy an unappropriate use of past perfect
E) pleonasm: still continuing
OA is no doubt C. But my problem is that doesnt " that" always refers to immediately preceding noun? In this case couldnt that refer to population?
Please help me clarify on this.
crackgmat750, "that" properly refers to "decline". "in" is a preposition which introduces a prepositional phrase. Thus, "decline in urban population", the italicized portion is a prepositional phrase(preposition+noun) which plays the role of an adjective which modifies the object/subject (decline).
OA is no doubt C. But my problem is that doesnt " that" always refers to immediately preceding noun? In this case couldnt that refer to population? Please help me clarify on this.
you mentioned that "increase in wages that were" has subject-verb agreement problem.
I was under the impression that "that" refers to "wages", which is a plural noun.
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Here's my reply to him......which should clear your confusion that you have above.
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The SC is posted here.
https://www.gmatclub.com/phpbb/viewtopi ... tion+added
Option D. has "increase in wages that were requested last july...."
If you try to understand the meaning of the sentence, you will probably realize that "increase in wages" , a prepositional phrase is the subject of the sentence.
To identify a subject of a sentence, we often use "who","what" questions ?
Now ask yourself "what was requested last july ?"
1. an "increase in wages"
2. just "wages"
I have copied the next para from websters site.
It is possible for a preposition phrase to act as a noun —
"During a church service is not a good time to discuss picnic plans"
or
" In the South Pacific is where I long to be"
— but this is seldom appropriate in formal or academic writing.
So you can see that
"during a church service" = "time"
"In the South Pacific" = "where" = "place" = a noun
So, I would go for 1. "an increase in wages" as the subject here. "in" is the preposition and wages the object of the preposition.
So you see that in D "that" refers to "increase in wages" and not just the word before it.
"increase in wages" is a singular noun and should take a singular verb. Hence the "were" in D is wrong.
******************************************
hope that makes things clear
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