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17 Jul 2026, 05:30
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8. It can be inferred from the discussion of amphibians that
The passage says amphibians may serve as early warning signs of environmental problems because their permeable skin makes them especially sensitive to environmental changes. The key inference is that this feature is relatively unusual; otherwise, amphibians would not be singled out as especially useful biological harbingers.
(A) only thirty species of frogs and toads remain in Costa Rica
This is incorrect. The passage says twenty of fifty species disappeared from a specific 30 square kilometer area near Monteverde, not from all of Costa Rica.
(B) relatively few non-amphibious animals have permeable skin
This is correct. The passage connects amphibians’ warning-sign role to their permeable skin. That implies that permeable skin is relatively distinctive of amphibians compared with many other animals.
(C) most have either already become extinct or are in danger of extinction
This is too strong. The passage says amphibian populations have declined or disappeared worldwide, but it does not say most amphibians are extinct or endangered.
(D) humans do not usually take signals of environmental deterioration seriously
This is not supported. The passage says humans would be wise to heed the warning, but it does not say humans usually ignore such warnings.
(E) the extinction of so many amphibian species supports the contention that humans are responsible for the situation
This is too strong. The passage says scientists hypothesize that human activity may be responsible. It does not say the extinctions prove or directly support that conclusion.
Answer: (B)
The passage says amphibians may serve as early warning signs of environmental problems because their permeable skin makes them especially sensitive to environmental changes. The key inference is that this feature is relatively unusual; otherwise, amphibians would not be singled out as especially useful biological harbingers.
(A) only thirty species of frogs and toads remain in Costa Rica
This is incorrect. The passage says twenty of fifty species disappeared from a specific 30 square kilometer area near Monteverde, not from all of Costa Rica.
(B) relatively few non-amphibious animals have permeable skin
This is correct. The passage connects amphibians’ warning-sign role to their permeable skin. That implies that permeable skin is relatively distinctive of amphibians compared with many other animals.
(C) most have either already become extinct or are in danger of extinction
This is too strong. The passage says amphibian populations have declined or disappeared worldwide, but it does not say most amphibians are extinct or endangered.
(D) humans do not usually take signals of environmental deterioration seriously
This is not supported. The passage says humans would be wise to heed the warning, but it does not say humans usually ignore such warnings.
(E) the extinction of so many amphibian species supports the contention that humans are responsible for the situation
This is too strong. The passage says scientists hypothesize that human activity may be responsible. It does not say the extinctions prove or directly support that conclusion.
Answer: (B)
21 Jul 2026, 10:02
Kudos
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Hi SwethaReddyL,
Both of these are inference questions, and the trap in each is the same instinct: waiting for the passage to state the answer. Inference answers are never stated outright - they're what must follow from a word the author chose. Let me point you to the exact word in each.
Question 7 (answer A)
Zoom in on this line:
"another twenty of the fifty species of frogs and toads known to once inhabit a 30 square kilometer area near Monteverde have disappeared."
The load-bearing word is "known." The author didn't say "the fifty species that inhabit the area" - they said the fifty known species. That hedge quietly admits scientists' list might be incomplete: there may be species not yet catalogued.
That's exactly what (A) claims - and notice it says the area "may" be home to un-noted species. "May" only needs the possibility to be open, and "known" leaves it open. Compare: (B) says the preserve was "not large enough" - the passage says habitat "was not enough," but never why; (C), (E) go beyond what any line supports.
Question 8 (answer B)
Here the key line is:
"amphibians - whose permeable skin makes them sensitive to environmental changes - are the 'canary in the coal mine.'"
The author singles out permeable skin as the reason amphibians work as early warning signs. If that trait is what makes them special for this role, then most other (non-amphibious) animals must not share it - otherwise it wouldn't set amphibians apart. That's (B): relatively few non-amphibious animals have permeable skin.
To feel this move, try a simpler sentence:
"Owls, whose exceptional night vision lets them hunt in the dark, are the forest's best night hunters."
What does that imply about other animals? That most of them lack that night vision - that's precisely why owls stand out. Read the passage line the same way, and (B) clicks.
Both questions reward reading the author's word choice, not hunting for a sentence that restates the option.
Answer: A; B
Both of these are inference questions, and the trap in each is the same instinct: waiting for the passage to state the answer. Inference answers are never stated outright - they're what must follow from a word the author chose. Let me point you to the exact word in each.
Question 7 (answer A)
Zoom in on this line:
"another twenty of the fifty species of frogs and toads known to once inhabit a 30 square kilometer area near Monteverde have disappeared."
The load-bearing word is "known." The author didn't say "the fifty species that inhabit the area" - they said the fifty known species. That hedge quietly admits scientists' list might be incomplete: there may be species not yet catalogued.
That's exactly what (A) claims - and notice it says the area "may" be home to un-noted species. "May" only needs the possibility to be open, and "known" leaves it open. Compare: (B) says the preserve was "not large enough" - the passage says habitat "was not enough," but never why; (C), (E) go beyond what any line supports.
Question 8 (answer B)
Here the key line is:
"amphibians - whose permeable skin makes them sensitive to environmental changes - are the 'canary in the coal mine.'"
The author singles out permeable skin as the reason amphibians work as early warning signs. If that trait is what makes them special for this role, then most other (non-amphibious) animals must not share it - otherwise it wouldn't set amphibians apart. That's (B): relatively few non-amphibious animals have permeable skin.
To feel this move, try a simpler sentence:
"Owls, whose exceptional night vision lets them hunt in the dark, are the forest's best night hunters."
What does that imply about other animals? That most of them lack that night vision - that's precisely why owls stand out. Read the passage line the same way, and (B) clicks.
Both questions reward reading the author's word choice, not hunting for a sentence that restates the option.
Answer: A; B
SwethaReddyL
