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BhardwajS
Joined: 06 Jan 2021
Last visit: 03 Jun 2026
Posts: 24
Given Kudos: 138
Location: India
Schools: Kellogg '27 HBS '27 Wharton '27
Products:
03 Jun 2026, 05:17
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Question 1
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
(N/A)
Question Stats:
80% (02:39) correct
20%
(02:22) wrong
based on 20
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
(N/A)
Question Stats:
50% (00:53) correct 50%
(01:12) wrong
based on 28
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
(N/A)
Question Stats:
69% (00:53) correct 31%
(01:20) wrong
based on 26
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
The incentives for developing vaccines for plants have never been greater. The world’s farmers are spending about $25 billion per year on chemical sprays, yet diseases still destroy about twelve
(5) percent of the total harvest of food. When we want to protect children against disease, we use vaccines that stimulate their immune systems, but plants we simply douse in noxious chemicals. Spraying chemical agents to kill off crop diseases is so central
(10) to modern agriculture that the idea of vaccinating a plant seems thoroughly alien. However, biologists are now learning how to stimulate the natural biochemical mechanisms by which plants defend themselves from disease.
(15) A variety of “resistance genes” enable plants to detect particular infectious agents. A plant having the appropriate resistance gene will respond by instructing cells near the site of infection to die off. Cells around the infection die rapidly, depriving the
(20) invader of food, while cells immediately outside the dead area produce chemicals that thicken their walls. In a few days, the infection is isolated by a layer of dead cells. Plants will also actively attack infectious agents by producing compounds toxic to invading
(25) organisms or by producing enzymes that degrade the invader’s cell walls. Plants that do not possess resistance genes against a particular infectious organism can still, like animals, acquire immunity through being exposed to
(30) the organism. Unlike animals, plants infected with one disease can also acquire immunity to a wide range of other diseases. Immunologists have demonstrated that infecting cucumber seedlings with a controlled anthracnose fungus infection protected the seedlings
(35) against more severe infections for up to six weeks, radically reduced damage from subsequent anthracnose infections, and protected plants against twelve other bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases. The treatment did not, however, protect against powdery
(40) mildew. Unfortunately, immunization can also inhibit plant growth, presumably because defense mechanisms divert food resources. When deployed too vigorously, defense mechanisms may also damage the plant
(45) itself. Some substances made in response to disease are toxic to the plants that produce them, as well as to infectious organisms. Biologists will have to overcome these side effects if immunization is going to replace chemical spraying.
(5) percent of the total harvest of food. When we want to protect children against disease, we use vaccines that stimulate their immune systems, but plants we simply douse in noxious chemicals. Spraying chemical agents to kill off crop diseases is so central
(10) to modern agriculture that the idea of vaccinating a plant seems thoroughly alien. However, biologists are now learning how to stimulate the natural biochemical mechanisms by which plants defend themselves from disease.
(15) A variety of “resistance genes” enable plants to detect particular infectious agents. A plant having the appropriate resistance gene will respond by instructing cells near the site of infection to die off. Cells around the infection die rapidly, depriving the
(20) invader of food, while cells immediately outside the dead area produce chemicals that thicken their walls. In a few days, the infection is isolated by a layer of dead cells. Plants will also actively attack infectious agents by producing compounds toxic to invading
(25) organisms or by producing enzymes that degrade the invader’s cell walls. Plants that do not possess resistance genes against a particular infectious organism can still, like animals, acquire immunity through being exposed to
(30) the organism. Unlike animals, plants infected with one disease can also acquire immunity to a wide range of other diseases. Immunologists have demonstrated that infecting cucumber seedlings with a controlled anthracnose fungus infection protected the seedlings
(35) against more severe infections for up to six weeks, radically reduced damage from subsequent anthracnose infections, and protected plants against twelve other bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases. The treatment did not, however, protect against powdery
(40) mildew. Unfortunately, immunization can also inhibit plant growth, presumably because defense mechanisms divert food resources. When deployed too vigorously, defense mechanisms may also damage the plant
(45) itself. Some substances made in response to disease are toxic to the plants that produce them, as well as to infectious organisms. Biologists will have to overcome these side effects if immunization is going to replace chemical spraying.
1. According to the passage, an unwanted side effect of plant immunization is that immunized plants
A. become more susceptible to certain infections, such as powdery mildew
B. become more vulnerable to uncontrolled infections from the same infectious agent used to immunize the plants
C. produce substances that are toxic to organisms that are beneficial to the plant
D. produce enzymes that can degrade the plants’ cell walls
E. focus their resources on fighting invading organisms, thereby impeding other plant processes
A. become more susceptible to certain infections, such as powdery mildew
B. become more vulnerable to uncontrolled infections from the same infectious agent used to immunize the plants
C. produce substances that are toxic to organisms that are beneficial to the plant
D. produce enzymes that can degrade the plants’ cell walls
E. focus their resources on fighting invading organisms, thereby impeding other plant processes
2. According to the passage, biologists can immunize a plant against an infectious organism by doing which of the following?
A. Manipulating the plant’s genetic code in order to give it the appropriate resistance genes
B. Exposing the plant to a controlled infection of the organism
C. Killing off cells near the site of the infection
D. Applying enzymes to the infectious organism in order to degrade its cell walls
E. Treating the plant with chemicals that thicken the plant’s cell walls
3. Which of the following best states the function of the first paragraph?
A. It presents an example to help illustrate a problem.
B. It discusses the history of a problem and its present implications.
C. It describes a situation and introduces a possible solution.
D. It reconciles two conflicting solutions to a problem.
E. It evaluates a possible solution to a problem.
A. It presents an example to help illustrate a problem.
B. It discusses the history of a problem and its present implications.
C. It describes a situation and introduces a possible solution.
D. It reconciles two conflicting solutions to a problem.
E. It evaluates a possible solution to a problem.
Solving this question helps.
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03 Jun 2026, 21:56
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whats the source of this passage?
BhardwajS
BhardwajS
Joined: 06 Jan 2021
Last visit: 03 Jun 2026
Posts: 24
Own Kudos:
Given Kudos: 138
Location: India
Schools: Kellogg '27 HBS '27 Wharton '27
Products:
03 Jun 2026, 21:59
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