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Gmatsaiyan
Posts: 754
Updated on: 14 Jul 2020, 06:36
Originally posted by Gmatsaiyan on 29 Oct 2018, 06:07.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 14 Jul 2020, 06:36, edited 4 times in total.
Last edited by Sajjad1994 on 14 Jul 2020, 06:36, edited 4 times in total.
Updated - Complete topic (1097).
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Question 1
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
56% (03:09) correct
44%
(03:21) wrong
based on 150
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
69% (01:07) correct 31%
(01:00) wrong
based on 182
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
60% (01:02) correct 40%
(01:17) wrong
based on 168
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
65%
(hard)
Question Stats:
51% (01:36) correct 49%
(01:37) wrong
based on 169
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
New Project RC Butler 2019 - Practice 2 RC Passages Everyday
Passage # 410, Date: 24-Oct-2019
This post is a part of New Project RC Butler 2019. Click here for Details
Passage # 410, Date: 24-Oct-2019
This post is a part of New Project RC Butler 2019. Click here for Details
The manor was the sphere of operations of a manor court. On every manor the tenants gathered at frequent periods for a great amount of petty judicial and regulative work. The most usual period for the meeting of the manor court was once every three weeks, though in some manors no trace of a meeting is found more frequently than three times, or even twice, a year. In these cases, however, it is quite probable that less formal meetings occurred of which no regular record was kept.
Different kinds of gatherings of the tenants are usually distinguished according to the authority under which they were held, or the class of tenants of which they were made up. If the court was held by the lord simply because of his feudal rights as a landholder, and was busied only with matters of the inheritance, transfer, or grant of lands, the fining of tenants for the breach of manorial custom, or failure to perform their duties to the lord of the manor, the election of tenants to petty offices on the manor, and such matters, it was described in legal language as a court baron. If a court so occupied was made up of villain tenants only, it was called a customary court. If, on the other hand, the court also punished general offences, petty crimes, breaches of contract, breaches of the assize, that is to say, the established standard of amount, price, or quality of bread or beer, the lord of the manor drawing his authority to hold such a court either actually or supposedly from a grant from the king, such a court was called a court leet. With the court leet was usually connected the so-called view of frank pledge.
Frank pledge was an ancient system, according to which all men were obliged to be enrolled in groups, so that if any one committed an offence, the other members of the group would be obliged to produce him for trial. View of frank pledge was the right to punish by fine all who failed to so enroll themselves. In the court baron and the customary court it was said by lawyers that the body of attendants were the judges, and the steward, representing the lord of the manor, only a presiding official, while in the court leet the steward was the actual judge of the tenants. In practice, however, it is probable that not much was made of these distinctions and that the periodic gatheringswere made to do duty for all business of any kind that needed attention, while the procedure was that which had become customary on that special manor, irrespective of the particular form of authority for the court.
Different kinds of gatherings of the tenants are usually distinguished according to the authority under which they were held, or the class of tenants of which they were made up. If the court was held by the lord simply because of his feudal rights as a landholder, and was busied only with matters of the inheritance, transfer, or grant of lands, the fining of tenants for the breach of manorial custom, or failure to perform their duties to the lord of the manor, the election of tenants to petty offices on the manor, and such matters, it was described in legal language as a court baron. If a court so occupied was made up of villain tenants only, it was called a customary court. If, on the other hand, the court also punished general offences, petty crimes, breaches of contract, breaches of the assize, that is to say, the established standard of amount, price, or quality of bread or beer, the lord of the manor drawing his authority to hold such a court either actually or supposedly from a grant from the king, such a court was called a court leet. With the court leet was usually connected the so-called view of frank pledge.
Frank pledge was an ancient system, according to which all men were obliged to be enrolled in groups, so that if any one committed an offence, the other members of the group would be obliged to produce him for trial. View of frank pledge was the right to punish by fine all who failed to so enroll themselves. In the court baron and the customary court it was said by lawyers that the body of attendants were the judges, and the steward, representing the lord of the manor, only a presiding official, while in the court leet the steward was the actual judge of the tenants. In practice, however, it is probable that not much was made of these distinctions and that the periodic gatheringswere made to do duty for all business of any kind that needed attention, while the procedure was that which had become customary on that special manor, irrespective of the particular form of authority for the court.
Q1) Which of the following can be inferred from the information in the passage?
A. The concept of frank pledge was created to promote solidarity within groups of people
B. The duration between successive meetings of a manor court was not fixed
C. A court baron had more powers than a customary court
D. The manor court was the highest legal authority during the period mentioned in the passage
E. The manor court did not always have a presiding official
Q2) Each of the following is mentioned in the passage as a power of the court baron EXCEPT:
A. To judge matters related to inheritance
B. To resolve disputes related to grants of land
C. To punish tenants for negligence of duties
D. To elect tenants to offices on the manor
E. To fine petty criminals
A. To judge matters related to inheritance
B. To resolve disputes related to grants of land
C. To punish tenants for negligence of duties
D. To elect tenants to offices on the manor
E. To fine petty criminals
Q3) According to the information in the first para, the fact that ‘in some manors no trace of a meeting is found more frequently than three times, or even twice, a year’ does NOT necessarily suggest that:
A. more meetings were actually not held during that period
B. meetings were not necessarily held every three weeks
C. informal meetings may have been held during this period
D. manor courts probably did not keep a record of all their meetings
E. some courts met fewer times than the others
Q4) According to the information in the passage, which of the following is a point of difference between a cour baron and a court leet?
A. A court baron could elect tenants to petty offices whereas a court leet could not
B. A court leet was authorised by the king whereas a court baron was not
C. A court baron treated a steward as a presiding official whereas a court leet treated a steward as a judge
D. A court baron could judge matters related to inheritance whereas a court leet could not
E. A court leet was always connected to the frank pledge whereas a court baron was not
A. A court baron could elect tenants to petty offices whereas a court leet could not
B. A court leet was authorised by the king whereas a court baron was not
C. A court baron treated a steward as a presiding official whereas a court leet treated a steward as a judge
D. A court baron could judge matters related to inheritance whereas a court leet could not
E. A court leet was always connected to the frank pledge whereas a court baron was not
Gmatsaiyan
29 Oct 2018, 06:09
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Topic and Scope
The passage discusses the different types of manor courts and their features
Passage Map
Para 1 introduces the manor court with respect to its sphere of operations and duration between successive meetings
Para 2 discusses different types of manor courts - court baron, customary court, and court leet
Para 3 explains the concept of frank pledge and discusses who comprised the body of attendants at a court
Gmatsaiyan
29 Oct 2018, 06:14
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Official Answers and Explanations
Q1) Which of the following can be inferred from the information in the passage?
A. The concept of frank pledge was created to promote solidarity within groups of people
B. The duration between successive meetings of a manor court was not fixed
C. A court baron had more powers than a customary court
D. The manor court was the highest legal authority during the period mentioned in the passage
E. The manor court did not always have a presiding official
The 1st para states that successive meetings of a manor court were usually held every 3 weeks but this does not mean that they were compulsorily held every 3 weeks. Hence (B) can be inferred from the passage and is the correct answer.
A - According to para 3, frank pledge was actually intended to deter people from committing dishonest acts
C. The passage does not provide any such comparison
D. Extreme option. There might have been higher legal authorities at that time
E. The passage never states this. In fact from the passage it appears that the manorcourt always had a presiding official
Q2) Each of the following is mentioned in the passage as a power of the court baron EXCEPT:
A. To judge matters related to inheritance
B. To resolve disputes related to grants of land
C. To punish tenants for negligence of duties
D. To elect tenants to offices on the manor
E. To fine petty criminals
According to the 2nd para, a court leet could judge and punish petty crimes. Hence (E) is the correct answer.
A - Mentioned in the 2nd para
B - Mentioned in the 2nd para
C - Mentioned in the 2nd para (‘fining of tenants.........’)
D - Mentioned in the 2nd para
Q3) According to the information in the first para, the fact that ‘in some manors no trace of a meeting is found more frequently than three times, or even twice, a year’ does NOT necessarily suggest that:
A. more meetings were actually not held during that period
B. meetings were not necessarily held every three weeks
C. informal meetings may have been held during this period
D. manor courts probably did not keep a record of all their meetings
E. some courts met fewer times than the others
The last line of the 1st para states that just because in some manors meetings were held twice or thrice a year does not necessarily mean that in these manors more informal meetings were not held during that period. Hence the information in the quoted line does not suggest that more meetings were actually not held during that period i.e. (A) is the correct answer.
B - Opposite. This information actually does suggest that meetings were not always held every three weeks
C - Opposite. This information could suggest that informal meetings may have been held during that period
D - Again if unrecorded informal meeting are a possibility then the quoted lines do suggest that manor courts probably did not keep a record of all their meetings
E - Opposite. This information clearly suggests that some courts met fewer times than the
others
Q4) According to the information in the passage, which of the following is a point of difference between a cour baron and a court leet?
A. A court baron could elect tenants to petty offices whereas a court leet could not
B. A court leet was authorised by the king whereas a court baron was not
C. A court baron treated a steward as a presiding official whereas a court leet treated a steward as a judge
D. A court baron could judge matters related to inheritance whereas a court leet could not
E. A court leet was always connected to the frank pledge whereas a court baron was not
The 3rd para states that ‘In the court baron and the customary court it was said by lawyers that the body of attendants were the judges, and the steward, representing the
lord of the manor, only a presiding official, while in the court leet the steward was the actual judge of the tenants’. Thus (C) is clearly the correct answer.
A - The passage describes a court leet as a body that could, in addition to what a court baron could do, also do a few other things such as punish petty crimes and breaches of contract. Hence a court leet could do everything that a court baron could do but a court baron could not do everything that a court leet could do.
B - A court leet may not always have been authorised by the king as implied by the lines ‘authority to hold such a court either actually or supposedly from a grant from the king’
D - Same as A
E - Again the passage states that a court leet was usually (and not ‗always‘) connected to the concept of a frank pledge
A. The concept of frank pledge was created to promote solidarity within groups of people
B. The duration between successive meetings of a manor court was not fixed
C. A court baron had more powers than a customary court
D. The manor court was the highest legal authority during the period mentioned in the passage
E. The manor court did not always have a presiding official
The 1st para states that successive meetings of a manor court were usually held every 3 weeks but this does not mean that they were compulsorily held every 3 weeks. Hence (B) can be inferred from the passage and is the correct answer.
A - According to para 3, frank pledge was actually intended to deter people from committing dishonest acts
C. The passage does not provide any such comparison
D. Extreme option. There might have been higher legal authorities at that time
E. The passage never states this. In fact from the passage it appears that the manorcourt always had a presiding official
Q2) Each of the following is mentioned in the passage as a power of the court baron EXCEPT:
A. To judge matters related to inheritance
B. To resolve disputes related to grants of land
C. To punish tenants for negligence of duties
D. To elect tenants to offices on the manor
E. To fine petty criminals
According to the 2nd para, a court leet could judge and punish petty crimes. Hence (E) is the correct answer.
A - Mentioned in the 2nd para
B - Mentioned in the 2nd para
C - Mentioned in the 2nd para (‘fining of tenants.........’)
D - Mentioned in the 2nd para
Q3) According to the information in the first para, the fact that ‘in some manors no trace of a meeting is found more frequently than three times, or even twice, a year’ does NOT necessarily suggest that:
A. more meetings were actually not held during that period
B. meetings were not necessarily held every three weeks
C. informal meetings may have been held during this period
D. manor courts probably did not keep a record of all their meetings
E. some courts met fewer times than the others
The last line of the 1st para states that just because in some manors meetings were held twice or thrice a year does not necessarily mean that in these manors more informal meetings were not held during that period. Hence the information in the quoted line does not suggest that more meetings were actually not held during that period i.e. (A) is the correct answer.
B - Opposite. This information actually does suggest that meetings were not always held every three weeks
C - Opposite. This information could suggest that informal meetings may have been held during that period
D - Again if unrecorded informal meeting are a possibility then the quoted lines do suggest that manor courts probably did not keep a record of all their meetings
E - Opposite. This information clearly suggests that some courts met fewer times than the
others
Q4) According to the information in the passage, which of the following is a point of difference between a cour baron and a court leet?
A. A court baron could elect tenants to petty offices whereas a court leet could not
B. A court leet was authorised by the king whereas a court baron was not
C. A court baron treated a steward as a presiding official whereas a court leet treated a steward as a judge
D. A court baron could judge matters related to inheritance whereas a court leet could not
E. A court leet was always connected to the frank pledge whereas a court baron was not
The 3rd para states that ‘In the court baron and the customary court it was said by lawyers that the body of attendants were the judges, and the steward, representing the
lord of the manor, only a presiding official, while in the court leet the steward was the actual judge of the tenants’. Thus (C) is clearly the correct answer.
A - The passage describes a court leet as a body that could, in addition to what a court baron could do, also do a few other things such as punish petty crimes and breaches of contract. Hence a court leet could do everything that a court baron could do but a court baron could not do everything that a court leet could do.
B - A court leet may not always have been authorised by the king as implied by the lines ‘authority to hold such a court either actually or supposedly from a grant from the king’
D - Same as A
E - Again the passage states that a court leet was usually (and not ‗always‘) connected to the concept of a frank pledge
